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Cell Biology

Synthetic Biology Market to Witness a CAGR of 23.9% Through 2020-2025 – Increasing Demand for Protein Therapeutics & Personalized Medicine, Increasing…

DUBLIN, Feb. 17, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Synthetic Biology Market by Tools (Oligonucleotides, Enzymes, Synthetic Cells), by Technology (Gene Synthesis, Bioinformatics), by Application (Tissue Regeneration, Biofuel, Renewable Energy, Food & Agriculture, Bioremediation) - Global Forecast to 2025" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global synthetic biology market is projected to reach USD 19.8 billion by 2025 from USD 6.8 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of 23.9%.

This report analyzes the market for various synthetic biology market and their adoption patterns. It aims at estimating the market size and future growth potential of the synthetic biology market and its subsegments. The report also includes an in-depth competitive analysis of the key players in this market, along with their company profiles, product offerings, and recent developments.

Factors such as the increasing demand for synthetic genes and synthetic cells, wide range of applications of synthetic biology, declining cost of DNA sequencing and synthesizing, increasing R&D funding and initiatives in synthetic biology, and increasing investments in the market are propelling the growth of this market. However, rising biosafety, biosecurity, and ethical concerns related to synthetic biology are likely to hamper the growth of this market.

The oligonucleotides and synthetic DNA segment is expected to grow at the highest rate during the forecast period

Based on tools, the market has been segmented into oligonucleotides and synthetic DNA, enzymes, cloning technology kits, chassis organisms, xeno-nucleic acids, and synthetic cells. In 2019, the oligonucleotides and synthetic DNA segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period.

This can be attributed to factors such as the rising demand for synthetic DNA, synthetic RNA, and synthetic genes, which are used in a wide range of applications, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, personal care, flavors and fragrances, probiotics, green chemicals, and industrial enzymes.

The genome engineering segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period

On the basis of technology, the market is segmented into gene synthesis, genome engineering, cloning, sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, measurement and modeling, microfluidics, nanotechnology, bioinformatics technologies.

The genome engineering segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period due to factors such as the increasing use of engineering technologies for manipulating complex genomes, growing therapeutics development for cancer and other diseases, and the increasing technological advances in CRISPR-toolbox and DNA synthesis technologies.

The industrial applications segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period

Based on application, the synthetic biology market is segmented into medical, industrial, food & agricultural, and environmental applications. The industrial applications segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR owing to the rising applications of synthetic biology in producing renewable energy, biomaterials & green chemicals, and enzymes.

The Asia Pacific is projected to witness the highest growth during the forecast period

The synthetic biology market is divided into North America, Europe, the Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East & Africa. In 2019, North America accounted for the largest share of the synthetic biology market.

However, the APAC region is expected to witness the highest growth during the forecast period owing to the growth in the number of pharmaceutical & biopharmaceutical companies, the increasing number of healthcare & life science facilities, and increasing requirements for regulatory compliance in pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies, growing number of international alliances, heavy funding for synthetic biology research, and strong government support.

Furthermore, the increasing focus on the Asia Pacific markets due to their low-cost manufacturing advantage also provides growth opportunities for manufacturers.

Key Topics Covered

1 Introduction

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Premium Insights 4.1 Market Overview4.2 Asia Pacific: Market, By Application4.3 Market: Geographic Growth Opportunities4.4 Market, By Region (2018-2025)4.5 Market: Developed vs. Developing Markets

5 Market Overview 5.1 Introduction5.2 Market Dynamics5.2.1 Drivers5.2.1.1 Wide Range of Applications of Synthetic Biology5.2.1.2 Rising R&D Funding and Growing Initiatives in Synthetic Biology5.2.1.3 Declining Cost of DNA Sequencing and Synthesizing5.2.1.4 Increasing Investments in the Market5.2.2 Restraints5.2.2.1 Biosafety, Biosecurity, and Ethical Concerns5.2.3 Opportunities5.2.3.1 Rising Need for Fuel Alternatives5.2.3.2 Increasing Demand for Protein Therapeutics and Personalized Medicine5.2.3.3 Increasing Research in Synthetic Drugs and Vaccines5.2.4 Challenges5.2.4.1 Standardization of Biological Parts

6 Synthetic Biology Market, By Tool 6.1 Introduction6.2 Oligonucleotides & Synthetic DNA6.2.1 Oligonucleotides and Synthetic Dna to Dominate the Market During the Forecast Period6.3 Enzymes6.3.1 Development of Enzymes has Helped in Evolving New Therapies for A Range of Diseases6.4 Cloning Technology Kits6.4.1 Need for the Creation of Artificial Dna Along With Their Assembly is Driving the Growth of the Segment6.5 Synthetic Cells6.5.1 Synthetic Cells Will Allow Tailoring Biologics and Its Adoption is Expected to Grow in the Coming Years6.6 Chassis Organisms6.6.1 Increasing Demand for Fossil Fuels is Likely to Propel the Demand for Chassis Organisms6.7 Xeno-Nucleic Acids6.7.1 Xnas are Increasingly Researched With the Growing Demand for Breakthrough Medicine

7 Synthetic Biology Market, By Technology 7.1 Introduction7.2 Gene Synthesis7.2.1 Gene Synthesis to Dominate the Market During the Forecast Period7.3 Genome Engineering7.3.1 Increasing Demand for Synthetic Dna and Genes is Expected to Drive Market Growth7.4 Sequencing7.4.1 Ngs Technology is Rapidly Becoming an Indispensable and Universal Tool for Biological Research7.5 Bioinformatics7.5.1 Use of Bioinformatics Technologies is Increasing With the Rising Need for Data Management and Curation7.6 Cloning7.6.1 Cloning Aids in Building New Genetic Modules/Pathways, Enabling Rapid Advances in Research Across Various Industries7.7 Site-Directed Mutagenesis7.7.1 Wide Applications in Genetic Engineering, Dna Assembly, and Cloning Technologies is Driving This Segment7.8 Measurement & Modeling7.8.1 Computational Modeling is Aiding the Growth of the Segment During the Forecast Period7.9 Microfluidics7.9.1 Droplet Microfluidics is Gaining Wide Recognition in the Field of Synthetic Biology7.1 Nanotechnology7.10.1 Convergence Between Synthetic Biology and Nanotechnologies Aid in Building Complex Bodies

8 Synthetic Biology Market, By Application 8.1 Introduction8.2 Medical Applications8.2.1 Pharmaceuticals8.2.1.1 In 2019, the Pharmaceuticals Segment Accounted for the Largest Share of the Medical Applications Market8.2.2 Drug Discovery and Therapeutics8.2.2.1 Cancer Detection & Diagnostics8.2.2.1.1 With Rising Investments for Cancer Research, the Market for Synthetic Biology is Expected to Grow for This Segment8.2.2.2 Other Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Applications8.2.3 Artificial Tissue & Tissue Regeneration8.2.3.1 Bio-Synthesis8.2.3.1.1 Bio-Synthesis is Dominating the Market With Its Increasing Adoption in Creating Artificial Genomes8.2.3.2 Stem Cell Regulation8.2.3.2.1 Use of Synthetic Biology in Stem Cell Regeneration and Reprogramming Somatic Cells is Expected to Drive Market Growth8.2.3.3 Other Artificial Tissue and Tissue Regeneration Applications8.3 Industrial Applications8.3.1 Biofuel and Renewable Energy8.3.1.1 Advantages of Using Genetically Engineered Organisms for the Synthetic Production of Biofuels is Driving Market Growth8.3.2 Industrial Enzymes8.3.2.1 Textile Industry8.3.2.1.1 Synthetic Biology is Being Applied in the Textile Industry to Replace Traditional Raw Materials8.3.2.2 Paper Industry8.3.2.2.1 Enzymes are Being Increasingly Used in the Pulp and Paper Industry8.3.2.3 Other Industries8.3.3 Biomaterials & Green Chemicals8.3.3.1 Silk-Based Proteins are A Type of Biomaterial Prepared Through Synthetic Biology8.4 Food & Agriculture8.4.1 Synthetic Biology Techniques are Applied in the Food and Agriculture Industry to Produce Metabolites, Health Products, and Processing Aids8.5 Environmental Applications8.5.1 Bioremediation8.5.1.1 Owing to the Growing Severity of Environmental Problems, It has Become Necessary to Develop Cost-Effective, On-Site Methods for Environmental Monitoring and Bioremediation8.5.2 Biosensing8.5.2.1 Biosensor Applications Commonly Make Use of Microalgae Owing to Their High Reproductive Rates and Ease of Culturing Due to Their Microscopic Size

9 Synthetic Biology Market, By Region 9.1 Introduction9.2 North America9.2.1 US9.2.1.1 The US Dominates the North American Market9.2.2 Canada9.2.2.1 Strong Research Infrastructure and Availability of Funding Will Support Market Growth9.3 Europe9.3.1 UK9.3.1.1 The UK Holds the Largest Share of the European Market9.3.2 Germany9.3.2.1 The Rapidly Growing Pharmaceutical Market is Expected to Drive Market Growth9.3.3 France9.3.3.1 Research Across All Industries is Strongly Supported By the Government9.3.4 Denmark9.3.4.1 Denmark has the Third-Largest Commercial Drug-Development Pipeline in Europe9.3.5 Switzerland9.3.5.1 Market Growth is Primarily Driven By the Well-Established Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology Industry in the Country9.3.6 Spain9.3.6.1 Spain has A Well-Established Network of Research Centers, Universities, and Hospitals, Which Form an Ideal Environment for Research9.3.7 Italy9.3.7.1 Growth in This Market is Mainly Driven By Increasing Life Science R&D in the Country, Funded By Both Public and Private Organizations9.3.8 Rest of Europe9.4 Asia Pacific9.4.1 Japan9.4.1.1 Large Number of Research Initiatives Towards the Development of Precision Medicine Supporting Market Growth9.4.2 China9.4.2.1 Growth in R&D to Enhance the Technological Capabilities in the Country, Thereby Driving the Demand for High-Quality Research Tools9.4.3 Australia9.4.3.1 Increasing Focus of the Healthcare System on Precision Medicine to Offer Significant Growth Opportunities9.4.4 India9.4.4.1 Increasing Pharma R&D and Government Funding in the Biotechnology Industry are the Major Factors Driving Market Growth9.4.5 Rest of Asia Pacific9.5 Latin America9.5.1 Strong Pharmaceutical Industry in the Region to Provide Significant Growth Opportunities9.6 Middle East and Africa9.6.1 Increasing Partnerships Among Global Players With Government Organizations in the Region to Support Growth

10 Competitive Landscape 10.1 Overview10.2 Market Share Analysis10.2.1 Synthetic Biology Market, By Key Players, 201810.3 Competitive Leadership Mapping10.3.1 Visionary Leaders10.3.2 Innovators10.3.3 Dynamic Differentiators10.3.4 Emerging Companies10.4 Competitive Situation and Trends10.4.1 Product Launches10.4.2 Expansions10.4.3 Acquisitions10.4.4 Other Strategies

11 Company Profiles 11.1 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.11.1.1 Business Overview11.1.2 Products Offered11.1.3 Recent Developments11.2 Merck KGaA11.3 Agilent Technologies Inc.11.4 Novozymes A/S11.5 Ginkgo Bioworks11.6 Amyris Inc.11.7 Intrexon Corporation11.8 Genscript Biotech Corporation11.9 Twist Bioscience11.10 Synthetic Genomics Inc. (SGI)11.11 Codexis Inc.11.12 Synthego Corporation11.13 Creative Enzymes11.14 Eurofins Scientific11.15 Cyrus Biotechnology Inc.11.16 Other Major Companies11.16.1 Atum11.16.2 Teselagen11.16.3 Arzeda11.16.4 Integrated DNA Technologies Inc.11.16.5 New England Biolabs

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/9yuhf0

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Synthetic Biology Market to Witness a CAGR of 23.9% Through 2020-2025 - Increasing Demand for Protein Therapeutics & Personalized Medicine, Increasing...

Anatomy

Greys Anatomy season 16: 5 best moments from Save the Last Dance for Me – Netflix Life

Greys Anatomy is taking quite an interesting route in its 16th season. There has been a lot of back and forth with its storyline and plot, and Im not sure its making a whole lot of sense. Its unclear how theyre going to tackle the Alex Karev angle. I mean, is he just going to be at his mothers house forever? And just never going to answer Jo but answer Richards text? What are you doingGreys Anatomy?

And then theres the whole Pac-North and Grey-Sloan merger. Is thisreallynecessary? And if all the doctors were going to come back to Grey-Sloan, whyd they leave in the first place? It seems counterproductive at this point.

As we head inch closer and closer towards the season 16 finale, I hope that we get more clarification on Alex Karev, and I sincerely hope that Justin Chambers gets the farewell his character deserves. Hes one of the originals!

Theres a lot to discuss from this weeks episode, Save the Last Dance for Me, so lets get right into it!

Bravo,Greys Anatomy for giving us a character like Dr. Lauren Riley. But not just for the character, but for the fact that the actress that plays her, Shoshannah Stern is deaf. I love it when a series is inclusive and diverse in every imaginable way, and bringing in Stern was the perfect touch to this episode.

Dr. Riley was brought in, under false pretenses, by DeLuca to help treat Suzanne (Sarah Rafferty). The case is a mysterious one, and it seems like no one knows how to get to the bottom of it. Which is why Dr. Riley is brought in as she is a master diagnostician.

Of course, her methods are unconventional, but it just might be the way to figure out whats going on with Suzanne.

Ah, yes, the typicalGreys Anatomy plot twist that we all definitely saw coming. After Alex, Richard, Maggie, and Owen left and went to Pac-North, the whole story was getting so weird. I say weird because it was inevitable that they would all find their way back to Grey-Sloan.

Which is why I dont quite understand why we had to deal with all of that just for it to end up the way it has. After getting in a fight with Richard, Catherine decided to buy out Pac-North out of spite, just so Grey-Sloan could absorb it.

To fight back, Bailey and company decide to take the reins back in their control and away from Koracick and Catherine. They laid out their terms and left Koracick no choice but to accept it.

Not sure we had to take the route we did to get here, but at least everyone is back!

This is my favorite part of this weeksGreys Anatomy episode, hands down. Levis patient of the week was an elderly woman who had very little time left to live. She and her husband met while dancing and spent their lives together as dance enthusiasts.

As one final gesture, the husband asks Levi to help him plan a ballroom dance for his dying wife, and its all the feels. My heart was sinking and exploding all at the same timeand it was simply beautiful.

For a while, Amelia and Links storyline was the most interesting to me. We have Amelia who has made great strides in her life and finally comes across a nice guy like Link. So it was really infuriating when her pregnancy is turned into an it might be Owens kid plot point. Was this really necessary?

Couldnt we just let Amelia be happy for once?

Heres to hoping that the paternity test says something other than Owen.

Greys Anatomyneeds to address Justin Chambers exit in a proper way! He is one of the original cast members from day one, and it would be an incredible shame if Karevs exit was just chalked up to him running away from Seattle.

So far, thats the only inclination we have in regards to Karevs character. The show has started planting seeds of his absence by showing that he wont answer Jos texts (but conveniently answers Richards?) and then by showing the very apartment at the end of the episode.

Can we please make sure this is not the way Alexs story ends?

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Greys Anatomy season 16: 5 best moments from Save the Last Dance for Me - Netflix Life

Human Behavior

Love Is Blind Is Offensive to Human Dignity, Which Is Key to Its Success – The New Yorker

Before the emergence of The Bachelor as a venerable schlock-culture institution, before the advent of any sort of matrimonial reality show that might inspire a satire like Unreal, before the special-event salaciousness and spectacular moral violence of Who Wants to Marry a Multi-Millionaire?, there was the syndicated sensation Blind Date. My roommate and I would nightly feast to this program, which was hosted by the affable and precise Roger Lodge, over pizza, on a Zenith decked with rabbit ears.

Between 1999 and 2006, the original Blind Date secreted fourteen hundred and forty episodes. There were two segments to each episode; there were two complete strangers on a date in each segment. This was an anthology of pitched woo and swapped spit, performed in honest and vulgar American manners, by tender pioneers in the burgeoning craft of onscreen self-commodification. As I recall, a typical date might involve the players practicing watercolors, or more likely body painting, then breaking both bread and codes of tasteful conduct over dinner, and then repairing to the hot tub. All the while, the screen would burble with graphicscartoonish thought bubbles, chyron-height color commentary, subtext translated in subtitleswhich shaped each date into a pulp narrative by way of commenting on it. Heckling the daters with annotations, the show managed to talk its trash and have it, too.

In November, a revival of Blind Date dbuted, with the comedian Nikki Glaser as its presenter and voice-over jester. The series, rentering a changed world, is thirsty to stay contemporary. The daters are far more polished than their generational elders, because they know how to act natural on camera, or how to act unnatural in a way that comes naturally. There is an emphasis on matchups that are all-inclusive, queer-friendly, body-positive. A press release says that the next airing will feature the first out transgender woman in Blind Date history, and I expect the show to treat her with the same amount of respect as everyone else, which is not very much. I flipped on an episode at random and found myself chaperoning Chelsea (30, realtor) on her rendezvous with David (47, hotel manager). When producers nudge her to explain why she wanted to be on the show, Chelsea says, Im on a blind date today because Patty from Millionaire Matchmaker wouldnt call me back. Glaser and the graphics team go to work mocking her as a bimbo and him as a man-bunned creep. David is bringing a full-on dirty-old-man vibe, and, against all odds, Chelsea seems into it, Glaser says. Love makes no effing sense.

Love Is Blind, on Netflix, is the logical flowering of a Blind Date model in a Bachelor world. An instant classic among quickie-wedding reality shows, its like The Dating Gamethe foundational Chuck Barris text of sight-unseen matchmakingextrapolated into a conceptual space that combines vibes from 90 Day Fianc, on TLC, and The Lobster, by Yorgos Lanthimos. The hook of Love Is Blind is that these contestants court over the course of about a business week, each without knowing what the other looks like, then meet face to face, then get married about four weeks later. It enhanced my appreciation of Love Is Blind to learn that its creators also make Married at First Sight, on Lifetime. On that one, a matchmaking panel (a relationship expert, a sociologist, a pastor brandishing marriage-counselling credentials) sets up heterosexual couples to be introduced at the altar; eight weeks later, the couples decide whether or not to divorce. Its a reliable recipe for cart-before-the-horse disasters. When I read that Married at First Sight reports a seventy-two-per-cent divorce rate, I admired the figure as impressively low.

The premise of Love Is Blind is promoted as a utopian innovation. Your relationship will begin by forming an intimate bond with nothing to distract you, a co-host, Nick Lachey, says. No social-media stalking, no Hinge-avatar superficiality. The contestants join Nick and his lovely wife, Vanessa, in referring to the setup as an experiment, and to the set as a facility; the programs forebears seem to include not only Big Brother but also B.F. Skinner.

At the core of the facility are two rows of small rooms called pods, which are paired off at partitions, through which strangers share their hopes and dreams and pleasant banalities. The skylight of each pod is in the shape of a long octagon, the silhouette of an emerald-cut engagement ring. In the overhead view, we gaze through the skylights like a God who somewhat regrets having wrought humanity and yet is about to binge the whole season.

Six couples emerge from the pods and embark on a getting-to-know-you jaunt to Cancn, in advance of setting up house in a suitably bland apartment complex in Atlanta. The stars are Cameron and Lauren. Cameron is a white guy in a navy suit. His field is computer science, so he sounds persuasive when dimplishly discussing how the experiment removes confounding variables from the mating game. Lauren is a black woman whose work as a content creator requires a colorful assortment of bodycon dresses. She voices the kind of sanity and self-awareness that makes the show palatable and even interesting, as when expressing incredulity at the whole thing. The scene of the big reveal, in which he is visibly nervous about what she will look like and she is visibly smoking hot, is deftly edited. Cameron and Lauren worry about facing challenges as an interracial couple, a theme that the show approaches with respect and without seriousness. Love Is Blind spends much effort teasing Camerons first meeting with Laurens father, as if some charged moment might transpire. The old man merely gives Cameron a protective inspection, like Spencer Tracy frisking Sidney Poitier with gruffness.

Theres an amazing tonal volatility to Love Is Blind. Slabs of crass exploitation abut moments of deep sentiment. There are touching scenes of human vulnerability and harrowing sequences of people lying to themselves at length. Vast idiocies of human behavior provoke moments of thoughtful reflection. The warped glass of the show magnifies universal quirks of human behavior into light comic grotesques. Some of these fiancs, who do adore saying the word fianc, are openly immersed in on-the-job training for reality-TV stardom. At various moments, the show warrants comparison to an unfortunate improv exercise, a better S.N.L. sketch, a decent bikini comedy, a Cassavetes screaming match, a treasure trove of raw anthropological data, and a cry for help. The errors of production and execution, as when producers force these people to picnic on an unseasonably cold day, are bracing. The sixth episode features the greatest moment in the moving-picture history of wholesale-priced Merlot: Jessica, a regional manager, readjusts her grudging snuggle with fianc Mark, a fitness instructor to whom she is not attracted, so that she can her share her glass of wine with her golden retriever. The season finale includes a shot of a bride sprinting down a country road in her gown, booking it like a track star, tresses and train rippling as she flees.

That Love Is Blind is morally offensive to human dignity is key to its artistic success. One sees the clear potential to build it into a significant franchise. Im imagining future seasons, and a Black Mirror crossover episode, and an expansion of the formula into a speed-dating service whereby single people, dating blind, grope for meaning in the darkness.

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Love Is Blind Is Offensive to Human Dignity, Which Is Key to Its Success - The New Yorker

Human Behavior

Prehistoric Engravings Offer Clues to the Evolution of Symbolism and Art – Newsweek

From prehistoric rock art to Beyonc's pregnancy photographs, symbolism and art are a key aspect of human behavior and have been since the very beginningbut how it evolved has so far mystified scientists.

To shed light on this facet of human history, researchers writing in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conducted a variety of experiments on ochre and ostrich eggshell fragments collected from Blombos Cave and Diepkloof Rock Shelter, both in South Africa, aged between 52,000 and 109,000 years old.

The choice of Blombos Cave and Diepkloof Rock Shelter came down to the fact that they have artefacts displaying engraving practices throughout a 30,000 year period, enabling scientists to determine how they have changed over an extended period of time. The oldest pieces feature simple patterns with parallel lines, but become more complex, shifting to cross-hatchings displaying greater symmetry, as time wore on.

This trend towards more intricate patterns may show how the images evolved into more effective "tools of the mind," the researchers say. In contrast to instrumental tools, like stone axes, which are used to change the environment, tools of the mind serve cognitive processes, such as communication and aesthetic enjoyment. These scratchings could be the prehistoric equivalent of a bare brick feature wall or Picasso print.

In five tests, the researchers show that markings are more salient, more memorable, more reproducible and more suggestive of style and human intent the more recent they are.

The first tested saliencyhow noticeableeach of the images were. Participants were shown patterns from artefacts collected in the Blombos Cave and Diepkloof Rock Shelter in one eye and flickering colors in the other. The researchers found that the younger the engraving, the less time it took for the patterns to permeate the participants' consciousness. While older images took on average 2.27 seconds, later images took on average 1.82 seconds.

The second study involved intentionality with participants having to rate which of two images was more likely to have been created by a human. The third required participants to replicate the images they had just seen from memory. The fourth, measuring cultural traditions, instructed participants to say whether or not a target image came from the same site (the Blombos Cave or Diepkloof Rock Shelter) as competitor images.

The researchers found the younger the engraving, the more likely it was that participants believed it had been intentionally created, the more memorable (and easy to reproduce) they found it and the more likely they were to recognize it as coming from a specific site.

There was just one factor tested that did not appear to improve as time went on. The researchers tested discriminability by presenting each participant with a target and two competitor images. The target image matched one of the competitors and the participants had to work out which one as quickly as possible. There appeared to be no differences in response times based on age or location of the engravings, suggesting the "style-signifying" elements found in the fourth experiments were passive and not active.

"That is, they evolved as a side effect of transmission and reproduction more than an explicit intention to communicate group identity, which would imply an effort to actively differentiate styles between groups," the study's authors wrote.

Taken as a whole, the results suggest the engravings were created for aesthetic purposes "evolving" to become easier to remember and imitate, the study's authors propose. They add it would be interesting to delve deeper into this hypothesis by involving a more diverse set of participants to find out if the same rules apply.

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Prehistoric Engravings Offer Clues to the Evolution of Symbolism and Art - Newsweek

Human Behavior

Want to make your brand psychologically capturing? Try using the power of ritual. – Business Insider

Whether its tech or retail or any other niche industry, brand value is the crux of a companys continued success. Just ask Apple.

For years, various market and consumer reports have hinted at the things that matter most for building good brand value. Things like commitment, novelty, authenticity, trust, presence.

With these, theres an underlying psychology at play. So how do you design products and experiences to make a brand psychologically capturing?

In all the trade secrets of brand strategy, one piece has been overlooked: rituals.

Theres a growing science and psychology of ritual thats started to shed light on many of the puzzling aspects of human behavior. Ritual, as weve come to learn, is the basis of all human culture and a core feature in the evolutionary history of the human species. Rituals emerge as a byproduct of physical interactions between people and the external environment.

They start small. But, in time, mere physical actions get transformed into a symbolic ritual that stands for something big, something sacred.

While most recognize this to be true of religious life (think ritual prayer), research tells us its the same underlying psychology and neurobiology for how consumers relate to their most cherished brands. Its been shown that when people look at their favorite brand logos, theres an activation in the brains reward circuitry not unlike that with cultural and religious symbols.

So, whether Apple, Amazon, Google, or Mercedes, we worship our most beloved brands. We become fanatical in our loyalty and following. That feeling of emotionally connecting to a brand and having that shared social identity comes from and through ritual.

If your brand or company wants a true fan, you need to get your customers to ritualize your offering.

Below are the three unique features of ritual that, if properly applied and integrated into design strategy, have the capacity to truly transform brand value for your customers.

When rituals get repeated, they are done just so and according to a ritual script. Unlike other brand-based behaviors, they leave little room for improvisation or change. This is critical for companies to understand as they think about the experiences they want their customers and users to have in interacting with their brand.

While freedom of choice for customers is important, companies should strive for a level of sameness in the brand experience. In todays day and age of pushing the new, this advice may seem counterintuitive. But theres a reason why rituals stand the test of time: They stay the same, even as everything else changes.

Repeated behaviors can be achieved through rituals time specificity and spatial specificity tying their actions to a designated time or spatial layout. Its no coincidence, for example, that every Starbucks has the exact same physical store flow and queueing design. Its the same logic for digital layouts, too.

Then theres rituals sequence specificity how certain steps tend to be scrupulously adhered to. Heavy-hitting health and beauty brands know all about this. From Cliniques three-step skin system encouraging consumers to find the regimen thats right for your skin to LOreals world-wide approach to beauty rituals, these brands are utilizing these practices to delight repeat customers.

Humans are wired to receive ritual as a source of meaning. Its an innate process. Research shows that people perceive ritual-like actions the repetition, the redundancy to be more meaningful than mere ordinary actions. Even children and babies as young as 18 months are capable of discerning ritual.

Heres an interesting nugget of insight. If you get a person to perform the simplest made-up ritual style behaviors without telling them that its meant to be a ritual in less than a week theyll experience more meaning through the regular enacting of the behavior itself. That initial uptick in personal meaning then becomes more elaborate, and it gets shared. Narratives get attached to the ritual. It becomes bigger than the behavior itself, a sacred symbolic act representing a core belief or value.

Financial institutions and meaning are strange bedfellows. But even in the world of money and lending, bank brands and credit unions benefit from meaning-based rituals. Consider Vancity, a values-based financial group whose mission is to build healthy communities inspired by financial inclusion. These organizations recognize a fact supported by the research: that rituals related to money can empower the consumer to save more for a better and brighter future.

Humans are such a social species because of early ritual behaviors. Tens of thousands of years ago, our early human ancestors began practicing rituals, which led to the advancement of complex societies.

No two ways about it: Any group of any kind will benefit greatly from having rituals. Historically, research shows that societies with more rituals are more likely to withstand socioeconomic collapse than similar groups with less rituals. Because of rituals, sports teams are more successful, work groups perform better, and people unify under a common purpose.

Rituals bring people together and unify them under shared experiences. If a person is a true fan, they share in their adoration for the brand with other like-minded individuals. Because of an unchanging ritual script, which can be a held standard across different markets and geographies, a company pushing their brand value can rest assured that all their consumers/users are getting the same experience, doing the same thing, and feeling the exact same way.

Bacardi, a reputable global brand, talks about this in reminding us that clearly defining your brand has to be a priority if you want it to remain stable and consistent. Against the riptide of fast-moving markets, countless product launches, and changing trends, the best way to ensure this clear definition is to anchor the brand identity to a shared ritual, a practice that standardizes and secures the experience for millions of consumers across the globe.

Integrating the science of ritual will give brands and companies a distinct competitive advantage in todays crowded market. Rituals may appear on the surface to be silly superstitions. But dont be fooled. True fans are cultivated through the magic of ritual.

Nick is the cultural change advisor at BEworks and chief behavioral scientist at The Behaviorist. He consults people-minded organizations on how to create meaningful brands and workplace cultures to drive sustainable growth. Find him on Twitter, LinkedIn, and email.

Nathaniel Barr is a scientific advisor at BEworks and a professor of creativity and creative thinking at Sheridan College. His expertise is in human cognition, reasoning, decision making, and creativity. Find him on Twitter, LinkedIn, and email.

Kelly Peters is the chief executive officer and cofounder of BEworks, the worlds first management consulting firm dedicated to solving complex challenges with behavioral economics. She pioneered the BEworks Method, which is being applied at Global 1000 firms and in policy groups around the world. Find her on Twitter, LinkedIn, and email.

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Want to make your brand psychologically capturing? Try using the power of ritual. - Business Insider

Human Behavior

Sean Banerjee Receives Tenure and Promotion to Associate Professor at Clarkson University – Clarkson University News

Prof. Sean Banerjee

Clarkson University President Tony Collins has announced that Sean Banerjee has been granted tenure and promoted from assistant professor to associate professor of computer science in the School of Arts and Sciences.

Seans research interests lie at the intersection of human-computer interaction, linguistics, and machine learning. He is interested in understanding human behavior using ubiquitous sensors to provide automation in fields such as software engineering, assistive robotics, performance arts, and healthcare. Since his start at Clarkson in 2015, Sean has co-directed the Terascale All-Sensing Research Studio (TARS) which supports the research of students from computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and mathematics. Under Seans mentorship, TARS has supported the research of over 70 undergraduate students who have won numerous awards, including two Goldwater Scholars and the Department of Computer Sciences first NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (GRF) winner. For his mentorship of undergraduate students, Sean received the 2017 Kristin Craig Memorial Faculty Recognition Award. He has authored 45 publications, with 23 publications involving Clarkson students of which 16 involved undergraduate students. His research has received multiple awards at international venues. His research portfolio also includes over $820,000 in external funding, including Clarksons first and only NSF CISE (Computer & Information Science & Engineering) Research Infrastructure (CRI) grant. As a teacher, he has taught 2+2 and often 2+3 courses a year in software design, human-computer interaction, empirical methods in software engineering, and introduction to programming. His excellence in teaching was recognized through the School of Engineering Teaching Excellence Award in Fall 2016.

He received his bachelor of science in computer engineering, his master of science in computer science, and his Ph.D. in computer science from West Virginia University. Before coming to Clarkson, Banerjee was a post-doctoral research associate at the Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute. He also previously was a graduate research assistant at West Virginia University and ran his own small business from 2005 to 2012.

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Sean Banerjee Receives Tenure and Promotion to Associate Professor at Clarkson University - Clarkson University News

Human Behavior

Early PTSD Therapy After Natural Disaster Shows Long-Term Benefits – PsychCentral.com

A long-term study of survivors of a 1988 earthquake in Armenia shows that children who received psychotherapy soon after the disaster were still experiencing health benefits well into adulthood.

The 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck near the northern Armenian city of Spitak, and is estimated to have killed between 25,000 and 35,000 people, many of whom were schoolchildren.

The ongoing research project, led by the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), is one of the first long-term studies to follow survivors of a natural disaster who experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) more than five years after the event.

The project tracks PTSD and depression symptoms in people who received psychotherapy as children, as well as those who did not.

The findings are particularly relevant today, said lead author Dr. Armen Goenjian, given the increased frequency and severity of climate-related catastrophes such as hurricanes and wildfires. Goenjian is a researcher at the Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA.

The latest findings, published in the journal Psychological Medicine, also identified factors that contributed to the risk for PTSD and depression among the earthquake survivors, including whether their homes were destroyed, the severity of adversity they faced after the earthquake and whether they experienced chronic medical illnesses after the disaster.

The findings show that people who had strong social support were less likely to develop PTSD and depression.

The association of persistent PTSD and depression with chronic medical illnesses points to the need for targeted outreach services across physical and behavioral health systems, said Goenjian, who is also director of the Armenian Relief Society Clinics in Armenia.

The researchers evaluated 164 survivors who were 12 to 14 years old in 1990, about a year-and-a-half after the earthquake. Of that group, 94 lived in the city of Gumri, which experienced substantial destruction and thousands of deaths. The other 70 lived in Spitak, where the damage was far more severe and there was a higher rate of death.

A few weeks after the initial assessment, mental health workers provided trauma- and grief-focused psychotherapy in some schools in Gumri, but not in others because of a shortage of trained medical staff.

We were comparing two devastated cities that had different levels of post-earthquake adversities, Goenjian said. People in Spitak, who experienced more destruction, earthquake-related deaths and injuries but experienced fewer post-earthquake adversities, had a better recovery from PTSD and depression than survivors in Gumri.

Researchers interviewed survivors five and 25 years after the earthquake. They discovered that people from Gumri who received psychotherapy had significantly greater improvements in both their depression and PTSD symptoms.

On the 80-point PTSD-Reaction Index, for example, PTSD scores for the Gumri group that received psychotherapy dropped from an average of 44 points a year-and-a-half after the earthquake to 31 points after 25 years.

PTSD scores for people from Gumri who did not receive treatment declined as well, but not as much: from 43 points at one-and-a-half years to 36 points after 25 years.

Overall, people from Spitak had more severe PTSD and depression after the earthquake. However, since they experienced fewer ongoing challenges, such as shortage of heat, electricity, housing and transportation, they tended to show greater improvements in their PTSD symptoms compared to both Gumri groups. The PTSD symptoms for Spitak survivors fell from 53 points at one-and-a-half years to 39 points after 25 years.

The takeaway is that school-based screening of children for post-traumatic stress reactions and depression, along with providing trauma and grief-focused therapy after a major disaster is strongly recommended, Goenjian said.

Source: University of California- Los Angeles Health Sciences

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Early PTSD Therapy After Natural Disaster Shows Long-Term Benefits - PsychCentral.com

Human Behavior

6 habits of highly healthy brains – Ladders

The relationships between our brain and body and the world around us are complex. What you do or dont do can significantly change how your health and wellbeing.

A healthy brain is determined by both biological and physiological factors genes, hormones, the immune system, nutrition, exercise, and other lifestyle choices.

Social, psychological and environmental factors including relationships, stress, emotions, mindset, life events and current circumstances also contribute to your brain health.

Each element can impact others in a multi-directional and dynamic way. Example, your thoughts can influence your physical health (which is why chronic stress can lead to abnormal heart rhythms or heart attacks).

Everyone wants to live an active, vibrant life for as long as possible. And that goal depends on robust brain health. You cant do much about your genes, but other physiological, social and environmental factors can be modified to improve your brain.

Our brains naturally decline if we do nothing to protect them. However, if we intervene early, we can slow the decline process its easier to protect a healthy brain than to try to repair damage once it is extensive.

You can improve your lifestyle habits to promote a highly healthy brain one free of physical or mental illness, disease, and pain. We have more control over our ageing brains than we realise.

These habits are just a reminder you already know the importance of these lifestyle choices. It pays to make a conscious effort to help yourself your brain will thank you.

That means eating lots of foods associated with slowing cognitive decline blueberries, vegetables (leafy greens kale, spinach, broccoli), whole grains, getting protein from fish and legumes and choosing healthy unsaturated fats (olive oil) over saturated fats (butter).

The connection between what goes into your body and how your brain performs is a strong one. The best diet should also be good for your brain, your heart and blood vessels.

Omega-3 fats from fish or nuts fight inflammation associated with neurodegeneration. Fruit and vegetables combat age-related oxidative stress that causes wear and tear on brain cells, says Dr Gary Small, a professor of psychiatry and ageing, and director of the Longevity Center at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles.

Find your moment or place of calm and separate yourself from chronic stress.

Chronic stress can change the wiring of our brains.Stress shrinks the brains memory centres, and the stress hormone cortisol temporarily impairs memory, says Dr Small.

To reverse stress and improve your mood and memory, adopt relaxation methods like meditation. Meditation even rewires the brain and improves measures of chromosomes telomere (protective cap) length, which predicts longer life expectancy argues Dr Small.

Find your place or moment of calm, and do something pleasurable that makes you come alive a personal passion project can help you destress.

Physical activity is one of the best things you can do for your brain and body. You already know the countless benefits of exercising.

Dozens ofresearchhave found that that nearly any type of physical activity walking, running, cycling, minimal weight-lifting and even mindful exercise such as yoga contribute to improved cognitive performance.

Exercise stimulates the brain to release brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a molecule essential for repairing brain cells and creating connections between them.

Physical activity also boosts endorphins, which can lift your mood. Aerobic exercise helps improve the health of brain tissue by increasing blood flow to the brain and reducing the chances of injury to the brain from cholesterol buildup in blood vessels and from high blood pressure, says Dr Joel Salinas, a neurologist at Harvard-affiliated Massachusetts General Hospital.

A simple walk outdoors gets you away from digital devices and into nature. Youll do your best thinking when walking.

Stimulating and challenging the brain helps it stay fit and firing. Spend some time in new thoughts.

To improve your brain health, try to do one activity that challenges the mind every day spend some time in new thoughts. The desire to learn and understand other people, ideas, cultures and concepts can boost your brain.

higher cognitive activity endows the brain with a greater ability to endure the effects of brain pathologies compared to a person with lower cognitive engagement throughout life, says David S. Knopman, M.D., a clinical neurologist involved in research in late-life cognitive disorders.

Lifelong learning and mentally challenging work build cognitive reserve. Find reasonably challenging activities you can practice regularly try activities that combine mental, social and physical challenges.

Were social creatures meaningful social connections make us happier. Happiness makes your brain work better.

Psychological studies show that conversation stimulates the brain. It may seem effortless to many, but it requires a complex combination of skills including attention, memory, thinking, speech and social awareness.

Astudypublished in theAmerican Journal of Public Healthfound that better social interaction can help protect the brain against dementia and Alzheimers.

Social connections are as important to our flourishing as the need for food, safety, and shelter. The urge to connect is a life-long human need.

Matthew Lieberman, a social psychologist, neuroscientist, and author ofSocial: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect,sees the brain as the center of the social self. He writes in his book, Its hard to find meaning in what we do if at some level it doesnt help someone else or make someone happier.

Researchers at the Oregon Health & Science University and the University of Michigan havesuggestedthat human interaction and conversation could be the keys to maintaining brain function as we grow older.

Supportive friends, family and social connections helps you live longer, happier and healthier. Socialising reduces the harmful effects of stress

Sleep is the number one, fundamental bedrock of good health. A good night sleep every night should be a priority, not a luxury.

Without good sleep, we see increased anxiety and stress. Sleep is restorative, helping you be more mentally energetic and productive, advises Sandra Bond Chapman, Ph.D., founder and chief director of the Center for BrainHealth at the University of Texas at Dallas and author ofMake Your Brain Smarter.

Apart from getting a good and quality night sleep, make time for wakeful rest it pays to plan breaks in between your busy schedule. Plan downtime on your calendar.

After a busy day, give your brain time to recover sit back, close your eyes and let your mind wander (spontaneous thought in our wakeful life) in the knowledge that your brain is busy consolidating information.

In a study onBoosting Long-Term Memory via Wakeful Rest,the authors found that wakeful rest without any external stimulation allows the brain to consolidate the memories of what it has learned.

It is never too early or too late to start living more healthily. Your daily habits have more impact on how long and how well you live plan to eat well, take short walks, engage in mental stimulation, and manage your social connections for better brain health.

This article first appeared on Medium.

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6 habits of highly healthy brains - Ladders

Human Behavior

Humanistic Psychologists Help Us Understand That Human Beings Are Trying to Do the Right Thing – The Good Men Project

The core belief in humanistic psychology is that people are intrinsically good. It focuses on moral issues and values. Humanism focuses on our intentionality, and it considers what the motivations or driving forces in human behavior are. Its also called person-centered therapy or Rogerian therapy, and one of the goals is self-actualization.

The movement of humanism happened in the late 1950s. It as a response to be behaviorist and psychoanalytic theory. Humanists believed that behavioral psychologists werent considering fundamental parts of human consciousness. A critical piece of humanistic psychology is that it starts by focusing on the person. The individual is responsible for their behavior, but can also help themselves with the assistance of a therapist. Humanistic psychologists saw that by focusing on action alone, we were missing a fundamental piece of human psychology and how to help people. In 1957, Abraham Maslow and Clark Moustakas did work that was instrumental in helping to form humanistic psychology. They met with other professionals and talked about self-actualization and individuality and the intrinsic human nature toward being good and well-intended. They received funding from Brandeis university and formed the Association for Humanistic Psychology. Some of the other notable famous contributors to the school of humanistic psychology were Carl Rogers, Charlotte Bueller, Henry Murray, Paul Wong, and Fritz Pearls.

Here are some of the key tenets and beliefs affiliated with humanistic psychology:

Humanistic psychologists use techniques that impact their patients ability to believe in and help themselves. They believe in fostering human nature and whats intrinsic to us. They implement Carl Rogerss ideas of person-centered therapy, where they encourage the client to feel that they have autonomy and the wisdom to solve their problems. Some of the things that humanistic psychology helps with is helping people understand that they have free will, the ability to do good, confidence, and self-actualization. The therapist has unconditional positive regard for their clients and is non-judgmental, which fosters many of these positive attributes.

Some people believe that humanistic psychology is too lenient and that its not structured enough to help the client; that it focuses too much on the client relying on themselves for help and that the therapist doesnt intervene enough. However, many people believe that empowering the client is a good thing that leads to the long-term sustained ability to help oneself in and outside of therapy. Therapy is a place to develop coping skills, learn to manage emotions, and learn to work through problems in a productive and healthy way, so despite potential criticisms of humanistic psychology, empowering individuals do have a positive effect on mental health treatment.

If youre looking for a humanistic psychologist or someone who will implement ideas from humanistic psychology in your care, you can find one either in your local area or online therapy. Both are excellent places to work through issues surrounding individuality, your identity, and feeling empowered to help yourself. It can be scary to seek out therapy, but meeting with a humanistic psychologist can help you learn that you are valuable and able to help yourself.

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Humanistic Psychologists Help Us Understand That Human Beings Are Trying to Do the Right Thing - The Good Men Project

Human Behavior

Rescue and Recovery Dogs of 9/11 Honored in Museum Exhibition – Tribeca Trib

Gus and handler Ed Apple of a Tennessee FEMA task force search for human remains at the Pentagon site. All survivors had been resuced by the time dogs entered the site. Photo: Jocelyn Agustino, FEMA

In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks,hundreds of dogs served a harrowing and crucial role in the search for survivors, and for victims remains. Now these four-legged heroes and their teams are getting their do in an exhibition at the 9/11 Memorial Museum.

K-9 Courage, a show of photographs and artifacts on view through summer 2021, vividly tells the story of these trained sniffers, working amid the dangerous, smoldering rubble. A companion set of portraits, by Charlotte Dumas, revisits 15 of the workers in retirement, 10 years later.

Putting the photographs together is what makes this exhibit special, said Amy Weinstein, the museums oral historian, who curated the show.

Ive done oral histories with the handlers, with Charlotte, with the responders and the veterinarians, Weinstein added. But I never got to meet any of the dogs.

Their contribution to the massive rescue and recovery effor was vital.

On the 11th, we saw the value of the dogs. We saw that there was nothing as effective as the dogs for searching wide areas, for clearing spaces, says Dr. Cynthia Otto, executive director of the University of Pennsylvanias Penn Vet Working Dog Center, on the shows audio tour. Their ability to recognize odors, respond to odors, to trace the source of an odor is phenomenal.

Dr. Lisa Murphy, a veterinarian and toxicologist now on the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania Veterinary School, was with the ASPCA when she arrived at the scene of devastation on the night of Sept. 24 to oversee the care and health of the rescue dogs exposed to the toxic and hazardous conditions. This was when the rescue operation was transitioning to a search forhuman remains. It was also Murphys first time to watch the off-leash work of search and rescue dogs as they padded through hidden, hard-to-reach spaces in the pile.

It was mentally taxing and physically taxing for the dogs and the humans alike, Murphy told the Trib. The veterinarians were on hand to support the dogs and to make sure that they were safe and healthy so they could keep doing what they were there to do.

And those dogs were so excited. they would have worked twenty four-seven if youd let them, Murphy added.

(Remarkably, Murphy noted, studies have shown that the dogs did not later develop health problems as result of the work.)

Dutch-born photographer Charlotte Dumas, who specializes in animals, said she had been fascinated by seeing pictures of the dogs during the recovery operation.

Dogs seemed like the only possible thing to photograph and print in the paper that wasnt just total devastation, she said. Seeing the dogs at work was something hopeful.

Years later, Dumas wondered how many of the dogs were still alive and, through the help of FEMA in 2010, tracked down 15 of them, living with their handlers around the country. The result, now on display, also became a book, Retrieved. (The last surviving dog died in 2016.)

Though the portraits were taken years later, Dumas said, the viewer can still see something special in her aged canine subjects. Part of it is projection from us, because we remember these events in a certain way so we tend to see that reflected in the eyes of the dog. That, to me, is totally legitimate.

There were so many people finding comfort in seeing portraits of these dogs in old age, she added, it was such a wonderful response.

Because the subject of the 9/11 attacks is a difficult one to introduce to children, Weinstein said, K-9 Courage can be a gentle aid. Weve found that the dogs are a good way in for younger people, when you know that dogs helped, that dogs had a job to do, and they helped people. Children can learn that they can be helpers, too.

As some photographs also touchingly illustrate, search and rescue dogs became de facto therapy dogs until their trained counterparts arrived. To me, these are the most inspiring, Weinstein said, because it seemed they could really sense that the firefighters, the cops, they just needed them.

At a Family Day at the museum earlier this month, the handlers of search dogs spoke to visitors about their jobs and their dogs. Here are edited excerpts of the remarks of two of them.

Darren Besse, officer of the Explosive Detection Canine Unit, Transportation Safety Administration, with Jana, 4

The dogs undergo 20 weeks of training before they come to us as handlers. Then its three weeks together and were out on the road in the airport. People say, how long is the training? Her main purpose is explosives and explosives compounds and the training is ongoing. It doesn't stop. It is every day we train to keep her like a prime athlete, to keep her in peak performance.

We have different scenarios. My partner and I will set up with each of our dogs. Well do random searches of aircrafts, baggage, different places both the public and secure side of the airport. Passenger screening and spot check people coming into the secure side of the airport.

I have to get to learn her behaviors just like she has to get to learn mine and who I am. They're much faster learners at human behavior than we are. They look at our bodies, thats how they know what were feeling, what were thinking, and trying to anticipate whats happening. So its our job to learn their behavior. It's a team effort, me being able to read her.

My first dog failed. A black lab. Then they gave me Jana. I opened the kennel door to put her collar and her harness on and the first thing she did was jump up and put her legs up on me because she wanted to go, no harness, no collar. To this day, every time I go to put that harness on, shell jump up, give me a kiss, lick my beard and then were off and running. I love that dog.

Port Authority Police Department K9 Unit Officer Steven Famiglietti with Buck, 4

You have to like animals and I lucked out getting to be in the canine unit. It took me a very long time to get into it. I had 18 years as a police officer before I became a canine officer. Its probably one of the best things thats happened to me.

We get calls at the Trade Center for unattended bags, unattended cars, things that seem like a threat. We also do presidential motorcades, VIPs, sweeps of cars, sweeps of airplanes. We get called for all kinds of things and we handle them. Buck handles them. Im just the guy on the other end of the leash.

If its a car, Bucks job is to smell everything in that car. If he picks up on an odor and he sits down then were going to move on to the next step is to call in the bomb squad and take it to the next level.

Usually they stay with us for 10 years or so, depending on how theyre working. When they retire they stay with their handler. They dont have to but Ive never met a handler who did not keep their dog. We love them. They come home with us every night. theyre a part of the family and when theyre at work they know its work and serious time, and when theyre home, they are a dog and they get to be a dog. He loves running around, he loves playing fetch, he loves swimming in the pool with our other dog at home.

Were provided with everything they need, food, kennels, outdoor dog runs, medications, anything they need. These dogs are living the high life. Trust me.

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Rescue and Recovery Dogs of 9/11 Honored in Museum Exhibition - Tribeca Trib