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Human Behavior

Judo may help promote healthy behaviors and social interaction in youth with autism – PsyPost

A specially-tailored judo program can help youth diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) increase their level of physical activity, according to new research published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

The findings provide preliminary evidence that the martial arts program can help autistic youth achieve the 60 minutes of daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

My research interests focus on improving health factors, such as physical activity and nutrition, in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) From my past research, Ive learned that martial arts may be an enjoyable activity that may appeal to this population and provide mental and physical health benefits, explained Jeanette M. Garcia, an assistant professor at the University of Central Florida who led the study.

While karate, a form of martial arts, has documented benefits for the autism population related to social interaction, we hypothesized that the emphasis on mindfulness and self-defense promoted by judo would provide additional benefits for ASD youth, she said in a news release.

In the study, 14 participants between the ages 8 and 17 participated in a 45-minute judo lesson once a week for eight weeks. The class was specifically designed for children diagnosed on the autism spectrum and participants were separated into smaller groups based on their age.

The lessons consisted of a brief warm-up, followed by instructions on judo holds and throws. The primary instructor would break each routine exercise into small steps while verbally describing and repeating it multiple times. Assistant instructors would demonstrate modified versions of the exercise for any participants who were struggling, the researchers explained.

Each session was concluded with time allocated to practice breathing techniques and mindfulness, including participant reflection on the activities completed and a reminder that judo should only be used during the sessions. Each participant also wore an accelerometer to measure their daily physical activity throughout the course of the study.

The researchers found that the judo lessons were associated with increases in moderate to vigorous physical activity among the participants.

It is often thought that youth with ASD arent good at physical activity or prefer not to be active. However, its about finding activities that work best for these kids, similar to any typically developing youth. These kids enjoyed the program, and many of them continued practicing judo after the study, Garcia told PsyPost.

Half of the sample continued to participate in judo lessons or a similar martial arts program following the 8-week program. Many of those who did not continue failed to do so because of scheduling or transportation problems, rather than lack of interest.

Garcia thought judo might be a good fit because its approach held promise for addressing some of the challenges these children face, including communication deficits, high levels of anxiety, difficulties with social interaction, and preferences for structured and repetitive activities. Judo promotes social interaction, emphasizes mindfulness, and focuses on balance, strength, and coordination, while alternating between low, moderate, and high-intensity exercise.

Indeed, our study shows that judo not only promotes social skills, but is well accepted by this population and is a great program for reducing sedentary behavior and increasing confidence, Garcia said.

But given the limited sample size and lack of a control group, more studies are needed to support the findings. One major question is whether the benefits we are seeing extend to kids with greater severity levels of ASD, Garcia noted.

I have realized that youth with ASD can do anything that typically developing youth can do, however, they may just learn or communicate in a different way, she added.

The study, Brief Report: Preliminary Efficacy of a Judo Program to Promote Participation in Physical Activity in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder, was authored by Jeanette M. Garcia, Nicholas Leahy, Paola Rivera, Justine Renziehausen, Judith Samuels, David H. Fukuda, and Jeffrey R. Stout.

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Judo may help promote healthy behaviors and social interaction in youth with autism - PsyPost

Human Behavior

The physics of swarm behaviour – OUPblog

The locusts have no king, and yet they all go forth in ranks, noted King Solomon some three thousand years ago. That a multitude of simple creatures could display coherent collective behavior without any leader caused his surprise and amazement, and it has continued to do so for much of our thinking over the following millennia. Caesars legions conquered Europe, Napoleons armies reached Moscow: We always think of a great commander telling the thoughtless multitudes what to do.

Statistical physics pioneered an opposite view. When a piece of iron is cooled down to a certain temperature (the Curie temperature), the majority of the atoms align their spins, thereby making it magnetic. No atomic general gives any commands; each atom communicates only with its neighbors, and yet there is an overall alignment. It shows us that local microscopic interactions as such can lead to dramatic global behavior, and this realization brought about a revolution in the understanding of swarm behavior.

Some hundred years ago, serious biologists still thought that the coordination of birds in a flock was reached by telepathy, and the synchronized light emission by fireflies in the Asiatic jungle was attributed to faulty observation by the observer. The introduction of physics concepts in biology has to a large extent resolved these puzzles. Flocks of birds are much more like the atoms in iron than they are like the armies of Napoleon, and the fireflies act much like a laser. Collective behavior in the world of living beings is after all not so different from that in the inanimate world.

The fusion of physics concepts and biological observations has proven fruitful for both sides, and the conceptual transfer worked in both directions. For centuries, physics concentrated on simple systems, since these were solvable by the available techniques. Scientists broke up a large system into many simple little ones, which could be handled. Putting them back together then described the large system. At the turn of the last century, Per Bak, a pioneer of the truly new physics of complexity, noted that the laws of physics are simple, but nature is complex. If the Big Bang initially produced an ideal gas of primordial particles, how could this eventually lead to the appearance of Per Bak? A living being is more than a set of molecules, and today we study systems in physics which refuse to be decomposed additively into little subsystems.

The understanding of collective behavior of animal societies can perhaps act as a first step in the search for an answer. Today we can simulate a flock of birds on a computer, allowing each bird to move freely, subject to only two social rules: Follow your neighbor, but dont crowd him. Putting a large number of such simplistic birds on the computer then produces the behavior observed for flocks of real birds. A primitive way to achieve collective behavior is provided by commands of Caesar or Napoleon; a more subtle and more natural way is to allow a many component system to move subject to the simple clear social rules.

A still more dramatic form of collective behavior appears in insect societies. The whole now no longer consists of identical components. Evolution has found it preferable to have different components designed specifically to carry out particular tasks. In an ant colony, we have workers, nannies, soldiers, drones, and a queen. Each individual carries out specific tasks; it is dependent on the others in order to exist, it cannot survive alone. And no matter how good a worker ant is, it will never have children to whom it can pass on its capabilities. All descendants are produced by the queen and the drones. Charles Darwins survival of the fittest now takes on a new and unexpected form. It no longer applies to individuals, but rather to the entire collective system. Insect societies thus in a way precede the pattern of modern industrial societies, in which large firms employ different species of workers to carry out dedicated tasks. In most human societies, the caste status is not (yet) inherited, and caste transitions are possible. Hopefully, evolution will consider this as dominant.

In any case, human societies have led to one collective feature not paralleled on a comparable level by any animals: we have language. Only the existence of language allows the abstract thinking of humans; we can imagine and talk about the past and the future, the here and the elsewhere. It is probably this more than anything that has allowed humans to take over the entire earth.

Image byJames Wainscoatvia Unsplash

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The physics of swarm behaviour - OUPblog

Human Behavior

The revenge of nature? – UCAN

The new coronavirus threatens the health of millions of people around the world if it spreads uncontrollably. Every precaution must be taken to prevent its spread and that means practicing greater personal and public hygiene and avoiding contact with people traveling from an infected area. We must show concern and never discriminate against anyone. Besides strict containment, strict personal hygiene, the washing of hands and clean surroundings can hold its spread. Public health officials must be prepared for an outbreak. The flu-like disease does not have a high fatality rate: only two people in every hundred die from it. People can get very sick with severe respiratory problems and yet recover. Others can have the virus but have no symptoms. Everywhere, including the Philippines, doctors and medical personnel have been briefed and advised on the potential health problem and we are reminded that prevention is better than cure. So, there is no need to panic or raise alarm, but intelligent planning, preparation and prevention are what is needed. Besides, most people are recovering from it with good medical care. The big hope is that the virus cannot survive in high temperatures, so bring on a hot summer everywhere, and with global warming we can expect that. The highest temperatures ever recorded in Australia and parts of Europe in 2019 are stunning. That is because of man-made climate change. That might kill off this deadly virus and tropical countries like the Philippines might be spared. The good news is the World Health Organization has announced that the virus may have reached its peak in China as fewer daily infections have been recorded. The coronavirus is also the result of ill-advised and illegal human behavior. We have seen the outbreak of many deadly diseases and viruses in recent decades. More viruses that are affecting humans are crossing over from other mammals and birds. Remember the avian flu? The human immunodeficiency virus is said to have crossed over from monkeys when people ate them as bush meat. Likewise, Ebola likely came from eating monkeys, they say. Then, we had the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), said to have originated from bats, and today the 2019 coronavirus that possibly came from bats, too, although it is not yet proven. You might say these diseases are the revenge of nature. The natural world is striking back at the disastrous human exploitation of the rainforests, the oceans and all wildlife by driving them to extinction. There is destruction in almost every habitat in the developing world and in some parts of the developed world, too. Illegal trade and trafficking in many endangered animal species for huge profit could be the cause of coronavirus. China is a big market for endangered animals and thousands of animals are butchered each year, mostly in Africa, to provide elephant ivory for the China ornament trade, now banned but still thriving. In 2009, there was as many as 109,000 elephants in Tanzania but due to poaching and slaughter, there were only 43,000 left in 2014, a 60 percent loss according to government reports. There are even less today. In 1970, the number of rhino had decreased to 70,000 and as of today there are only 29,000 left on the planet. They are on the way to extinction like the white rhino by bandits killing them for their valuable horn for Chinese traditional medicine. Scientific research has shown the horn to have no more medicinal value than horses hooves. Hundreds of creatures are killed and collected to supply the demand for Chinese traditional medicine, most of which are ineffective, have no medical benefit and are unnecessary considering the huge advances in Chinese health care. The small ant-eating creature called the pangolin could be responsible for the jump of the 2019 coronavirus from animal to human. They are the most widely traded and trafficked creature stolen from the wild in Southeast Asia, India and Africa. They are now practically extinct in China because they killed them for food and their scales are used in traditional Chinese medicine. They have been found in the wild food market of Wuhan where the coronavirus first made the crossover leap from animal to humans. According to an investigative report by The Guardian, one shop was found to have for sale live animals such as "live wolf pups, golden cicadas, scorpions, bamboo rats, squirrels, foxes, civets, hedgehogs (probably porcupines), salamanders, turtles and crocodiles." All destined for the cooking pot, it seems. Bats are known carriers of many viruses and the forest dwelling pangolin could have picked up the virus from bats droppings on the forest floor, some speculate. This is a likely cross over for the virus. Or some human ate the bats. They are on sale in wildlife markets. Corrupt governments like that in Brazil allow traders and loggers to attack the last of the rai forests and destroy their natural beauty by cutting trees, driving out and killing their indigenous people and trafficking their wildlife. We can expect more health problems in the future. Nature will rebel just like the mighty storms and heatwaves caused by man-made climate change are coming back to hit us. Why cant we respect nature, preserve the forest, protect the environment and its wildlife? The answer is easy. It is because of human greed. It is an insatiable, unquenchable drive beyond control. To stop the greed and trafficking of wildlife and the crossover of animal-borne viruses to humans, the authorities worldwide must go after the traffickers and traders of wildlife. They must identify their bank accounts and confiscate their property, assets and money and jail the big-time traders. It is essential to ban all sale and trading in wildlife. Father Shay Cullen is an Irish missionary priest and founder of the Preda Foundation in the Philippines. He is a member of the Missionary Society of St. Columban. The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official editorial position of UCA News.

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The revenge of nature? - UCAN

Human Behavior

The Impact of the Coronavirus on Business – GC Capital Ideas

Pandemics top national risk-management frameworks in many countries. For example, pandemic influenza tops the natural hazards matrix of the UK National Risk Register, and emerging infectious diseases are tagged as of considerable concern. Seen as a medical problem, each outbreak of a potentially dangerous infection prompts authorities to ask a rational set of questions and dust off the menu of response options that can be implemented as needed in a phased manner, according to Richard Smith-Bingham, Executive Director of Insights at Marsh & McLennan Advantage, and Kavitha Hariharan, Director at Marsh & McLennan Insights.

Reality, however, is generally more disruptive, as national governments and supranational agencies balance health security and economic and social imperatives on the back of imperfect and evolving intelligence. Its a governance challenge that may result in long-term consequences for communities and businesses. On top of this, they also need to accommodate human behavior.

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The Impact of the Coronavirus on Business - GC Capital Ideas

Human Behavior

Airbnb Has Secret Trustworthy Scores and This Privacy Group Is Demanding to See Them – VICE

Algorithms now determine everything. Facebooks news and advertising algorithm determines your daily reality, bombarding you with skewed ads and sketchy news that only reinforces your worldview. Flawed test score algorithms determine your career prospects. YouTube algorithms consider whether youll be receptive to white supremecist drivel.

Every day across a litany of platforms, secretive algorithms are not only calculating what content youll see and what ads youll respond well to, but your overall trustworthiness as an obedient consumer. Such systems routinely lack any transparency whatsoever, yet can impact everything from your career trajectory to the quality of customer service youll receive.

Airbnb is no exception, and has been under fire recently for a secretive algorithm it uses to determine whether youre trustworthy. Privacy and digital activism groups are now crying foul, demanding the FTC do more to rein in the practice and protect consumers.

In a new complaint filed with the FTC, The Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) argues that Airbnbs nontransparent algorithm is unfair and deceptive under the FTC Act and the Fair Credit Act. The group also complains that the companys technique violates the fairness and transparency principles and standards laid out by the international community.

Airbnbs website is notably ambiguous about how this risk assessment is calculated and how much data is stored and collected about its users.

Every Airbnb reservation is scored for risk before its confirmed, the company tells customers. We use predictive analytics and machine learning to instantly evaluate hundreds of signals that help us flag and investigate suspicious activity before it happens.

In its complaint, EPIC notes that Airbnbs secret ranking algorithm is based on an ocean of personal consumer data collected from your behavior all over the internet, ranging from the comments you make to Airbnb hosts on the platform, to any unrelated comments you may have made on social media platforms or even blog posts.

A recent New York Times report explored how these accumulated profiles can be over 400-pages in length, have the potential to impact every aspect of your daily life, yet arent transparent at all to the users or communities impacted by these automated calculations.

The complaint references a patent developed and issued to a company Airbnb acquired, which can track whether a customer created a false or misleading online profile, provided false or misleading information to the service provider, is involved with drugs or alcohol, is involved with hate websites or organizations, is involved in sex work, perpetrated a crime, is involved in civil litigation, is a known fraudster or scammer, is involved in pornography, has authored online content with negative language, or has interests that indicate negative personality or behavior traits.

The patent referenced in this complaint was developed by and issued to a company Airbnb acquired, before we acquired the company, and the methods listed in this patent are not, nor have they ever been, employed by Airbnb," Airbnb spokesperson Charlie Urbancic said. "Airbnb is committed to earning our communitys trust by striving to keep them safe offline and online - that includes protecting users personal information and using it responsibly.

From there, the algorithm attributes generalized categories to each consumer using terms and phrases such as badness, antisocial tendencies, goodness, conscientiousness, openness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, narcissism, Machiavellianism, or psychopathy.

In its complaint, EPIC argues that not only is there no transparency behind these life impacting determinations, they tend to oversimplify complex human behavior using inherently subjective criteria. The group also argued that such predictive efforts have historically been biased, resulting in harsher penalties for minority and disadvantaged communities.

Algorithms used by judges in sentencing to predict future criminal activity have been found to be unreliable and were twice as likely to mislabel black defendants as future criminals than white defendants, EPIC said. Policing data is the result of choices that undermine the credibility of the data.

EPIC recently filed a similar complaint with the FTC over the facial recognition and AI-driven scoring systems used by the screening firm HireVue to screen young potential athletes. The group has also petitioned the FTC to conduct a rulemaking tackling "the use of artificial intelligence in commerce."

The FTC taking any action here remains unlikely.

Industries like telecom routinely tapdance around the unfair and deceptive language in the FTC Act. Studies have also shown the agency is rife with revolving door conflicts of interest, and is also underfunded and understaffed; the FTC has just 8 percent of the staff dedicated to privacy as the UK, despite the UK having one-fifth as many consumers to protect.

Update: This post has been updated with comment from Airbnb.

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Airbnb Has Secret Trustworthy Scores and This Privacy Group Is Demanding to See Them - VICE

Physiology

Effects of High Altitude Subject to Genetics – Technology Networks

How high altitudes affect peoples breathing and its coordination with the heartbeat is due to genetic differences say researchers.Clear physiological differences have already been demonstrated between people living in the Himalayas and Andes compared with people living at sea level, revealing an evolutionary adaptation in the control of blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain and the rest of the body.

Now an international team led by Professor Aneta Stefanovska of Lancaster University has identified genes that are related to cardiorespiratory function during so-called acute periodic breathing.

Periodic breathing (PB) occurs in most humans at high altitudes and is characterized by periodic alternations between hyperventilation (too-fast breathing) and apnea (no breathing). The altered respiratory pattern due to PB is accompanied by changes in heart rate and blood flow.

Breathing, ECG of the heart and microvascular blood flow were simultaneously monitored for 30 minutes in 22 healthy male subjects, with the same measurements repeated under normal and low oxygen levels, both at real and simulated altitudes of up to 3800m.

As part of the experiment, the participants were also taken in a cable car to a high altitude laboratory at the top of Aiguille du Midi mountain in Chamonix in France and tested immediately on arrival and after six hours at this altitude of 3842m.

The researchers found that orchestration between the participants hearts and lungs, as measured by phase coherence, responded differently to periodic breathing depending on whether they had one of two specific genetic variants affecting the cardiorespiratory response to insufficient oxygen.

Chronic periodic breathing is generally seen as an unfavorable state, being associated with increased mortality in chronic heart failure, but in healthy people it may be an indication of better alertness to oxygen insufficiency at high altitudes. Hypoxia, as well occurring during rapid ascents to high-altitudes, can also be a significant problem at sea-level, being a contributory factor in many health conditions including cancer, strokes, and heart attacks.

Professor Stefanovska said: The similarities between hypoxia-induced PB at altitude, and the breathing characteristics observed in certain pathological states, provide an opportunity to further our understanding of the physiological processes involved in chronic hypoxic states that occur even when oxygen is abundant.

Considering living systems as collections of interacting oscillators whose dynamics is governed by multiple underlying open systems enables the observation of functional changes over time, and investigation of how they are altered in health and disease.ReferenceLancaster et al. (2020) Relationship between cardiorespiratory phase coherence during hypoxia and genetic polymorphism in humans. The Journal of Physiology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1113/JP278829

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Effects of High Altitude Subject to Genetics - Technology Networks

Physiology

Our Education: SIUE’s Fernandez del Valle committed to optimizing women’s health – The Edwardsville Intelligencer

SIUEs Maria Fernandez del Valle, PhD, assistant professor of exercise physiology in the School of Education, Health and Human Behaviors Department of Applied Health.

SIUEs Maria Fernandez del Valle, PhD, assistant professor of exercise physiology in the School of Education, Health and Human Behaviors Department of Applied Health.

SIUEs Maria Fernandez del Valle, PhD, assistant professor of exercise physiology in the School of Education, Health and Human Behaviors Department of Applied Health.

SIUEs Maria Fernandez del Valle, PhD, assistant professor of exercise physiology in the School of Education, Health and Human Behaviors Department of Applied Health.

Our Education: SIUEs Fernandez del Valle committed to optimizing womens health

EDWARDSVILLE Southern Illinois University Edwardsvilles Maria Fernandez del Valle, PhD, is researching optimizing womens health.

The assistant professor of exercise physiology in the School of Education, Health and Human Behaviors Department of Applied Health is a prime example of a teacher-scholar who has established multi-disciplinary collaborations and consistently involves students to pursue high impact research.

My research focuses on improving exercise prescription through different lines of study to help individuals optimize their health, she said. Currently, were targeting women, and conducting research on cardiac fat and function to determine how different modes of exercise can help us improve both.

I want to improve the way we prescribe exercise, she said. We need a larger sample size to clearly see data trends, but early indications show that we can have a high impact on cardiac fat around the heart with resistance training alone. The implication then would be that obese women should do resistance training to target more internal fat rather than the fat you see on the outside. Because, internal fat is what I linked to the development of metabolic and cardiac diseases.

Two of her primary collaborators are Jon Klingensmith, PhD, assistant professor in the SIUE School of Engineerings Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Pamela Woodard, PhD, with the Washington University School of Medicine.

Fernandez del Valle is also a research mentor for students, most of whom have earned competitive research awards and Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities accolades.

We can teach in the classroom and explain concepts, but when students are in a lab, I can see their faces and how it just clicks that Oh, now thats what this means and This is connecting with this, she said. Without my collaborators and students assistance, this work would not be possible. It involves human subjects, assessment training and implementation, data reporting and much more.

Before working in this lab, I wasnt sure what I wanted to do post-graduation, said graduate student and research assistant Paige Davis. Now, I know I want to work in a research lab at a college or government agency. I love the mix of human interaction and data entry, and how everything comes together to achieve interesting results.

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Our Education: SIUE's Fernandez del Valle committed to optimizing women's health - The Edwardsville Intelligencer

Physiology

Fatal Car Crashes Rise With Spring Clock Reset – The New York Times

Losing an hours sleep at the spring change to daylight saving time is at best inconvenient. Now new research suggests that it may be dangerous.

A study in Current Biology reports that the risk of having a fatal traffic accident increases significantly in the week following the spring clock reset.

Researchers used a federal government registry of 732,835 fatal motor vehicle accidents from 1996 to 2017. They found that there were 6 percent more fatal accidents in the week following the Sunday clock change than in the weeks before and after.

The increase averaged 9 percent in the hours before noon, which the investigators suggest may be connected to fatigue combined with the darker morning hours of the first week of daylight saving time. The only time of day that showed no effect was 4 p.m. to 8 p.m.

The sun rises later as you head west, and the researchers found that in the western third of each time zone, the number of fatal accidents increased by 8 percent, but by only 4 percent in the eastern third.

There is strong evidence for something real going on when we set the clocks ahead, said the senior author, Cline Vetter, an assistant professor of integrative physiology at the University of Colorado, and there are no real benefits in daylight saving time for economics or energy saving. Lets get rid of the switch to daylight saving time.

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Fatal Car Crashes Rise With Spring Clock Reset - The New York Times

Physiology

OPINION: Research before you try a diet – The Daily Evergreen

Don't go for the newest diet people are talking about, just eat healthier foods instead

LAUREN PETTIT | DAILY EVERGREEN ILLUSTRATION

Move over paleo, these diets don't solve the issue of being a healthier person. Instead focus on foods that are healthier and cutting calorie counts to achieve a healthier lifestyle for yourself.

There are so many options when looking for a newdiet plan. There is keto, vegan, intermediate fasting, vegetarian, paleo, detoxor juice cleanse and much more to choose from. These diets are trendy andunhealthy.

Fad diets often lead people to believe that there is a one-size-fits-all diet, and this is the one. The secrets out there isnt one perfect diet for all of us, said Lauren Keeney, a registered dietitian nutritionist and the owner and operator of Integrated Health LLC located in Moscow.

College is a colliding environment of lack of money and energy. When a student is lacking money, it is easier to buy staple items. These items look like ramen, canned veggies or soup and anything else that can be found at a low price. These low-price items are high in cholesterol and fat and they lack many of the key nutrients that are needed in a balanced diet. Low-cost foods also increase weight gain and fatigue.

It can come as no surprise that many college students are hopping on diet trends to lose weight fast, in the high stress and low energy environment. These fad diets are used to change a students look, weight and energy level.

I have done every diet you can do, from keto to fasting, said Hannah Bidon, a WSU junior majoring in nutrition and exercise physiology and minoring in psychology.

The diet is a quick fix that can have little tono effect on a students daily eating habits.

In my experience, I gave up and I couldnt doit. This was because it was unnatural for my body, Bidon said.

Starting a new diet can be exciting at first. Eventually the diet will come to an end, leaving the body feeling unhealthy and overall useless. Cutting out key components to a diet can harm the body.

Eat foods that your body craves and foods that make your body feel good, energized and satisfied. This means, eat what you enjoy and enjoy what you eat physically, mentally and emotionally, Keeney said.

Cutting out just carbsand fat can affect the body. Unless there are dietary restrictions or religiousguidelines, an individual should provide their body with all food groups.

The students that want to change their diets for ethical and environmental reasons are very different from those who want to lose 10 pounds in eight days. They try the new diets of detox, juice cleanse, one large meal a day, keto, paleo and much more. There are fewer extreme ways of dieting and healthy choices.

Diets come to an end and so does that healthy eating. Many times, the diet trend does not change an individuals overall eating habits or relationship with food.

In the end I gained the weight back or felt unhealthy after the diet, Bidon said.

Diets dont last forever, it is easier to makelife changes.

What many young adultslack in their diet is having a healthy relationship with food, Keeney said.

The best advice I was given was to balance the plate. Have all the food groups represented on the plate. Fruit and veggies, grain (bread, potatoes and more), protein (fish, eggs, tofu and nuts) and dairy (milk, yogurt and cheese).

Add more color to your diet, this way you canensure youre getting a variety of nutrients to support your overall health,Keeney said.

Students can add nutritious and need food groupsby adding in diverse veggies and sides to their main dish.

Take top ramen, for example. Overall it is not healthy. But it is cheap, so it is a staple in any students dorm, apartment, or house. It can be made healthier by adding a protein (I like an egg or two) and some green veggies. It not only looks more appetizing it can be more nutritious and filling.

Why even diet when it can end in gaining the weight back? I suggest making little healthy changes that can improve overall attitudes towards food. Little changes can make a big difference.

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OPINION: Research before you try a diet - The Daily Evergreen

Immunology

How a Pennsylvania doctor stopped a virus outbreak in 1934 with blood – The Philadelphia Inquirer

Gallagher was not the first to try this approach against viruses, but his effort was unusually successful, providing important clues about the proper dosage and timing of such infusions, said Arturo Casadevall, chairman of microbiology and immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

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How a Pennsylvania doctor stopped a virus outbreak in 1934 with blood - The Philadelphia Inquirer