Monthly Archives: July 2020

Embryology

Number of people choosing to freeze their eggs or embryos surges 523% in five years – iNews

The number of people choosing to freeze their eggs or embryos has increased five-fold in the UK since 2013, according to latest figures.

Data from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) show that the number of egg and embryo storage cycles rose by 523 per cent between 2013 and 2018.

According to its figures, the number of cycles rose from 1,500 in 2013 to just under 9,000 in 2018.

There was a 93 per cent rise in frozen embryo transfer cycles between the two years, up from 13,421 to 25,889.

Meanwhile, the number of fresh embryo transfers rose from 48,391 to 42,835, a drop of 11 per cent.

A number of reasons could be attributed to the rise in the number of people freezing their embryos or eggs, including improved freezing facilities, advances in treatment options and an increased desire for patients to freeze them for future use or for fertility preservation.

The fertility authoritys latest figures also showed that the multiple birth rate from IVF treatment has reached a record low.

Fertility clinics have been working to a target to reduce the number of women who fall pregnant with twins or triplets as multiple births are the biggest risk to IVF mothers and babies.

In 2018, only 8 per cent of IVF births resulted in a multiple birth.

Around 54,000 patients had IVF treatment in 2018 and the average birth rate per embryo transferred for all IVF patients was 23 per cent.

The HFEA found age is still a key factor in IVF outcomes, with younger patients reporting higher success rates.

Patients under 35 had a birth rate of 31 per cent per embryo transferred compared with 5 per cent for patients aged 43 and above.

Its report states that clinical improvements have led to increased chances of a live birth for all patients below 43 years old.

Higher birth rates were seen among women over the age of 40 when they used donor eggs in treatment, it added.

While fertility treatment is never a guarantee for a baby, we are pleased to see that birth rates have increased over the years and the average birth rate is now steady at 23 per cent, said HFEA chair Sally Cheshire.

Whilst this leaves many couples without their longed for family after treatment, these small year-on-year increases are important for the sector to build on.

Ever more patients are deciding to freeze their eggs and embryos and although still a relatively small part of fertility treatment overall, freezing techniques are now much more common with improved freezing technology and better success rates using frozen embryos.

Sarah Norcross, director of fertility and genomics charity, the Progress Educational Trust (PET), said the increase in egg freezing showed women now see social egg freezing as a valid reproductive choice.

This increase also highlights the pressing need for the Government to act now to change the 10-year storage limit for social egg freezing before hundreds more women face the stark choice of having to destroy their frozen eggs and perhaps their best chance of becoming a biological mother, she added.

For Dr Emily Grossman, freezing her eggs at the age of 38 was the best decision she ever made.

Now 41, the science broadcaster, author and educator explains it hadnt occurred to her to start getting worried about her fertility until she was in her mid-30s.

Dr Grossman had attended a talk at the Cheltenham Science Festival where she learned that from the age of 35 a womans fertility drops really rapidly.

She was dating at the time but had not yet met someone with whom she wanted to start a family.

It was a few years later when she really started to feel the constant ticking of my biological clock.

I was stuck between a rock and a hard place do I wait until Im in the right relationship, until I feel ready and risk leaving it too late to be able to conceive, or do I rush into it now with perhaps the wrong partner, she says.

Then I heard about the possibility of egg freezing. I realise this isnt an opportunity thats open to everybody in the sense it is expensive and it is difficult and challenging to find the time to go through a physical process like that but actually its the best decision Ive ever made.

Dr Grossman, who completed four rounds of egg freezing, says she started to feel relief almost as soon as the process had started.

Knowing that although I didnt have absolute certainty that I could rely on this method, she says, but that I had a back-up, which took the pressure off having to find the right person immediately and straight away start a family.

Dr Grossman said she welcomed the increase in people freezing their eggs or embryos, saying it reflected the fact that the stigma is being removed from women taking control of their fertility.

In the past, women would only start to looking into egg freezing or IVF at a time when it was already too late because by that time their fertility had already dropped, she says.

If we can start having the conversation earlier so that women in their 30s start to become aware of this which is what we are seeing happen then we actually make it far more likely that women are going to freeze their eggs at a time when its more likely it will lead to having a child.

Its great that the numbers are going up and I think this reflects an increasing openness in society to women having the conversation about fertility and the increasing possibility for women to be able to break through that taboo and step away from the stigma of being a women in your mid to late 30s who hasnt had a child yet.

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Number of people choosing to freeze their eggs or embryos surges 523% in five years - iNews

Genetics

5 Best Genetics Classes & Degree [2020] [UPDATED]

25 Experts have compiled this list of Best Genetics Course, Tutorial, Training, Class, and Certification available online for 2020. It includes both paid and free resources to help you learn Genetics and these courses are suitable for beginners, intermediate learners as well as experts.

With over 100 options, Coursera makes sure that you can enhance your skills in this rapidly evolving field of Genetics irrespective of your proficiency level. The programs are divided based on the difficulty levels namely beginner, intermediate and advanced. The classes here dont only allow you to build a strong foundation and apply this subject to the present research topics as well as developments. Top choices on the website include an introduction to genetics and evolution, classical papers in molecular genetics, introduction to the biology of cancer and bioinformatics for beginners.Check out our compilation of Best Bioinformatics Courses.

Key USPs-

Get acquainted with the necessary general jargon as well as practical ones.

The introductory lessons provide an overview of the content of the lectures and show how to make the most the experience.

Lots of exercises for understanding the problems from implementing them to solve the challenges of different levels of complexity.

The flexible deadline allows you to learn as per your convenience.

Complete all the exams and graded assessments that follow the lessons to earn the course completion certificate.

Duration: Self-paced

Rating: 4.8 out of 5

You can Sign up Here

This e-learning platform brings you a series of online courses from top academic institutions of the world. Get introduced to the concepts of cells, genome analysis, DNA among others. Apart from this, the classes will also help you with your coursework and beyond. Some of the top choices are DNA sequences, molecular biology, principles of synthetics biology, introduction to genomic data, graph algorithms in genome sequencing and statistical methods for gene mapping.

Key USPs

All the necessary concepts are explained clearly so that they can be helpful in building a strong fundamental.

The platform consists of individual and credit-eligible courses, micromaster program and more.

Work on the quizzes and assignments to assess your grasp on the topics covered.

The interactive lessons make learning a fun experience.

The study materials, videos, and exercises are available for free and the certification can be added for an additional fee.

Duration: Self-paced

Rating: 4.6 out of 5

You can Sign up Here

It is a fact that genomic technologies are changing the way many diseases are diagnosed and treated. This course spans the field from basic to advanced genetics and provides insight into health, risk factors, and disease prevention. By the end of the classes, you will have a solid understanding of all the topics covered. Have a look at our take on Best Molecular Biology Courses.

Key USPs-

As this is an intermediate level program, therefore, some prior experience in the topic can be beneficial.

-Understand the fundamental concepts, including gene structure and genetic variation.

Learn about the inheritance of diseases, including modes of inheritance, population-specific risks, and genetic testing.

See how increased knowledge of the human genome is applied in clinical settings, including through precision treatment of cancer and other diseases

The classes allow you to learn at a comfortable pace.

Duration: 10 weeks, 3 to 6 hours per week

Rating: 4.4 out of 5

You can Sign up Here

In this course, you will discuss the principles of genetics with application to the study of biological function at the level of molecules, cells and multicellular organisms including humans. Some of the topics covered include structure and function of genes, chromosomes and genomes, biological variation resulting from recombination, mutation, and selection, population genetics, use of genetic methods to analyze protein function, gene regulation and inherited disease.

Key USPs-

All the topics are covered in depth and at an undergraduate level.

Attempt the regular graded assignments to check your understanding of the subject and improve accordingly.

Suggestions for books and other resources are provided that can be used to supplement the learning experience.

Pass the final exam and other graded assessments to complete the program.

Lecture notes, exams and solutions and problem sets with solutions are available.

Duration: Self-paced

Rating: 4.4 out of 5

You can Sign up Here

This program is designed in a way that it takes a unified approach to transmission genetics, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, evolutionary genetics, molecular medicine, and developmental genetics. There is a focus on modern technological and experimental methodologies that are used in studying this field and genomics of prokaryotes, higher plants, and animals. Check our curation of Best Pathophysiology Courses.

Key USPs-

The introductory lectures help you to explore the different terms and concepts that will help you to build a strong foundation.

The classes are a combination of lectures and lab.

Reflect on how these mechanisms play a fundamental role in pathogenesis, treatment of diseases and maintenance of health.

The assessments will seek to emphasize important concepts.

The lectures are divided into sections which make it easy to follow along.

Duration: Self-paced

Rating: 4.4 out of 5

You can Sign up Here

So these were the 5 Best Genetics Classes, Course, Degree, Training & Certification available online for 2020. Hope you found what you were looking for. Wish you Happy Learning!

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5 Best Genetics Classes & Degree [2020] [UPDATED]

Genetics

Genetics vs. Genomics Fact Sheet – Genome.gov

Proteomics

The suffix "-ome" comes from the Greek for all, every, or complete. It was originally used in "genome," which refers to all the genes in a person or other organism. Due to the success of large-scale biology projects such as the sequencing of the human genome, the suffix "-ome" is now being used in other research contexts. Proteomics is an example. The DNA sequence of genes carries the instructions, or code, for building proteins. This DNA is transcribed into a related molecule, RNA, which is then translated into proteins. Proteomics, therefore, is a similar large-scale analysis of all the proteins in an organism, tissue type, or cell (called the proteome). Proteomics can be used to reveal specific, abnormal proteins that lead to diseases, such as certain forms of cancer.

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics

The terms "pharmacogenetics" and "pharmacogenomics" are often used interchangeably in describing the intersection of pharmacology (the study of drugs, or pharmaceuticals) and genetic variability in determining an individual's response to particular drugs. The terms may be distinguished in the following way.

Pharmacogenetics is the field of study dealing with the variability of responses to medications due to variation in single genes. Pharmacogenetics takes into account a person's genetic information regarding specific drug receptors and how drugs are transported and metabolized by the body. The goal of pharmacogenetics is to create an individualized drug therapy that allows for the best choice and dose of drugs. One example is the breast cancer drug trastuzumab (Herceptin). This therapy works only for women whose tumors have a particular genetic profile that leads to overproduction of a protein called HER2. (See: Genetics, Disease Prevention and Treatment)

Pharmacogenomics is similar to pharmacogenetics, except that it typically involves the search for variations in multiple genes that are associated with variability in drug response. Since pharmacogenomics is one of the large-scale "omic" technologies, it can examine the entirety of the genome, rather than just single genes. Pharmacogenomic studies may also examine genetic variation among large groups of people (populations), for example, in order to see how different drugs might affect different racial or ethnic groups.

Pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies are leading to drugs that can be tailor-made for individuals, and adapted to each person's particular genetic makeup. Although a person's environment, diet, age, lifestyle, and state of health can also influence that person's response to medicines, understanding an individual's genetic makeup is key to creating personalized drugs that work better and have fewer side effects than the one-size-fits-all drugs that are common today. (See: Genetics, Disease Prevention and Treatment). For example, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommends genetic testing before giving the chemotherapy drug mercaptopurine (Purinethol) to patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Some people have a genetic variant that interferes with their ability to process this drug. This processing problem can cause severe side effects, unless the standard dose is adjusted according to the patient's genetic makeup. (See: Frequently Asked Questions about Pharmacogenomics).

Stem Cell Therapy

Stem cells have two important characteristics. First, stem cells are unspecialized cells that can develop into various specialized body cells. Second, stem cells are able to stay in their unspecialized state and make copies of themselves. Embryonic stem cells come from the embryo at a very early stage in development (the blastocyst staqe). The stem cells in the blastocyst go on to develop all of the cells in the complete organism. Adult stem cells come from more fully developed tissues, like umbilical cord blood in newborns, circulating blood, bone marrow or skin.

Medical researchers are investigating the use of stem cells to repair or replace damaged body tissues, similar to whole organ transplants. Embryonic stem cells from the blastocyst have the ability to develop into every type of tissue (skin, liver, kidney, blood, etc.) found in an adult human. Adult stem cells are more limited in their potential (for example, stem cells from liver may only develop into more liver cells). In organ transplants, when tissues from a donor are placed into the body of a patient, there is the possibility that the patient's immune system may react and reject the donated tissue as "foreign." However, by using stem cells, there may be less risk of this immune rejection, and the therapy may be more successful.

Stem cells have been used in experiments to form cells of the bone marrow, heart, blood vessels, and muscle. Since the 1990's, umbilical cord blood stem cells have been used to treat heart and other physical problems in children who have rare metabolic conditions, or to treat children with certain anemias and leukemias. For example, one of the treatment options for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia [cancer.gov] is stem cell transplantation therapy.

There has been much debate nationally about the use of embryonic stem cells, especially about the creation of human embryos for use in experiments. In 1995, Congress enacted a ban on federal financing for research using human embryos. However, these restrictions have not stopped researchers in the United States and elsewhere from using private funding to create new embryonic cell lines and undertaking research with them. The embryos for such research are typically obtained from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro - as in an in vitro fertilization clinic - and then donated for research purposes with informed consent of the donors. In 2009, some of the barriers to federal financing of responsible and scientifically worthy human stem cell research were lifted.

Cloning

Cloning can refer to genes, cells, or whole organisms. In the case of a cell, a clone refers to any genetically identical cell in a population that comes from a single, common ancestor. For example, when a single bacterial cell copies its DNA and divides thousands of times, all of the cells that are formed will contain the same DNA and will be clones of the common ancestor bacterial cell. Gene cloning involves manipulations to make multiple identical copies of a single gene from the same ancestor gene. Cloning an organism means making a genetically identical copy of all of the cells, tissues, and organs that make up the organism. There are two major types of cloning that may relate to humans or other animals: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning.

Therapeutic cloning involves growing cloned cells or tissues from an individual, such as new liver tissue for a patient with a liver disease. Such cloning attempts typically involve the use of stem cells. The nucleus will be taken from a patient's body cell, such as a liver cell, and inserted into an egg that has had its nucleus removed. This will ultimately produce a blastocyst whose stem cells could then be used to create new tissue that is genetically identical to that of the patient.

Reproductive cloning is a related process used to generate an entire animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. The first cloned animals were frogs. Dolly, the famous sheep, is another example of cloning. The success rates of reproductive animal cloning, however, have been very low. In 2005, South Korean researchers claimed to have produced human embryonic stem cell lines by cloning genetic material from patients. However, this data was later reported to have been falsified.

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Genetics vs. Genomics Fact Sheet - Genome.gov

Genetics

Wound Healing | Slow Wound Healing? It Could Be Your Genetics – runnersworld.com

Maybe you take a spill on an asphalt path and scrape your knees, and on that same day, a fellow runner friend does the same on a trail run. Days later, your friend only has minor evidence of the incident, while your scrapes still look fresh. Is it the difference between dirt and pavement?

The more likely answer is that the difference could be related to genetics, according to new research.

The study, published in PLOS Pathogens, found that genetic variability across 164 patients influences the composition of wounds and how they heal. Specifically, the forms of bacteria present in wounds have a genetic component that could make it easier to identify who would struggle with slower wound healing.

Researchers found that genetic variation in two genes, TLN2 and ZNF521, was associated with both the number of bacteria in wounds and the prevalence of common pathogens that causes slower healing.

Its important to note that the study was done on chronic wounds, which dont heal under a normal timeframe, according to lead study author Caleb Phillips, Ph.D., assistant professor of biological sciences and curator of genetic resources at Texas Tech University.

About two percent of Americans are afflicted with these kind of wounds, and they can be costly and frustrating to treat. Finding a genetic link like this could be a first step toward creating prevention strategies or developing new treatments, he told Runners World. It could also be used to identify patients who need to receive more aggressive therapy early on in wound care, rather than waiting weeks for the bodys healing process to kick in.

[Run faster, stronger, and longer with this 360-degree training program.]

You cant swap out your genes to help speed up the healing of your wounds. But there actually are some tactics that may cut down on healing time, previous research has found.

For example, get more sleep. A 2018 study in Journal of Applied Physiology that measured immune response and skin barrier restoration on people with minor blisters found that those who had restricted sleep showed slower wound healing than those who got adequate shuteye.

Good nutrition also plays a part, and research done on older people with chronic wound issues, which was published in Advanced Wound Care, found that common micronutrient deficienciesparticularly vitamin D, zinc, and B12could have a significant impact on wound healing.

Lifestyle changes like those mentioned above might not counteract genetic differences completely, but they may speed up healing to some degree, and also provide all the other benefits of quality sleep and good nutrition.

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Genetics

Podcast: Let the light shineTackling eye disease with gene therapy – Genetic Literacy Project

In this episode, supported by the UK Medical Research Council, geneticist Kat Arney and reporter Georgia Mills explore how researchers are letting the light shine in, literally, by uncovering the underlying genetic faults that cause eye diseases and developing game-changing gene therapies to save sight.

Mills speaks with sight loss charity campaigner and fundraiser Ken Reid about his experiences of living with the genetic eye condition Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP)a hereditary disease that causes the gradual degeneration of light-sensitive cells in the back of the eye. He first realized that something was wrong with his sight when he was a party-going teenager in the 1970s.

I always had very poor eyesight and couldnt understand how people could do things in the dark, he says. Most people probably dont remember what discos in the 70s were like, but they were just dark. You had this lovely interaction where it was very noisy, it was very dark and there were some flashing lights. I could see nothing and trying to find somebody to dance with was a real torment. I didnt know how people managed it!

At the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh, Chloe Stanton is searching for the gene faults that underpin RP and other hereditary eye diseases, with more than 100 RP genes identified so far. To find out more about what all these genes actually do, her colleague Roly Megaw is growing tiny mini-eyes in the lab from reprogrammed stem cells originally derived from skin samples including one from Reid himself.

Finally, Robin Ali at Kings College London is running clinical trials of gene therapy for inherited eye disorders. Theres been impressive progress in recent years, and Ali is hopeful that treatments will come through for people like Reid.

In the 25 years Ive been working on developing gene therapy for retinal degeneration, weve seen huge advances. I think we couldnt imagine how far we could come. I remember when I first started, we were working out ways to deliver genes to the retina and we were pleased if we saw just one or two cells that had taken up a virus and maybe expressing a gene for a couple of weeks. We are now able to rescue dozens of different animal models highly effectively. Its just a matter of time until this technology can be applied as effectively to humans.

Full transcript, links and references available online at GeneticsUnzipped.com

Genetics Unzippedis the podcast from the UKGenetics Society,presented by award-winning science communicator and biologistKat Arneyand produced byFirst Create the Media.Follow Kat on Twitter@Kat_Arney,Genetics Unzipped@geneticsunzip,and the Genetics Society at@GenSocUK

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Podcast: Let the light shineTackling eye disease with gene therapy - Genetic Literacy Project

Genetics

July: Genome sequencing rare diseases | News and features – University of Bristol

A research programme pioneering the use of whole genome sequencing in the NHS has diagnosed hundreds of patients and discovered new genetic causes of disease.

The project, the results of which were published in the journal Nature, offered whole-genome sequencing as a diagnostic test to patients with rare diseases across an integrated health system, a world first in clinical genomics.

Whole genome sequencing is the technology used by the 100,000 Genomes Project, a service set up by the government which aims to introduce routine genetic diagnostic testing in the NHS. The integration of genetic research with NHS diagnostic systems increases the likelihood that a patient will receive a diagnosis and the chance this will be provided within weeks rather than months.

The multi-centre study, led by researchers at the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) BioResource together with Genomics England, demonstrates how sequencing the whole genomes of large numbers of individuals in a standardised way can improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with rare diseases.

The researchers, including experts from the University of Bristol, studied the genomes of groups of patients with similar symptoms, affecting different tissues, such as the brain, eyes, kidney, blood, or the immune system. They identified a genetic diagnosis for 60 per cent of individuals in one group of patients with early loss of vision.

Principal investigators Andrew Mumford, Professor of Haematology, and Moin Saleem, Professor of Paediatric Renal Medicine, led the set-up of the programme and oversaw regional enrolment in the South West. Professor Mumford provided national oversight for blood related disorders, while Professor Saleem managed inherited kidney diseases.

Professor Mumford and researchers in the School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine collaborated with the Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Cambridge to develop ways to improve the genetic identification of blood disorders, contributing significantly to the breakthrough diagnostic potential.

Professor Mumford said: This pioneering study illustrates the power of whole genome sequencing for diagnosis of rare human diseases. The approach developed in this research has paved the way for the flagship 100,000 Genomes Project and the introduction of whole genome sequencing into standard NHS care.

Professor Saleem established the UK National Renal Rare Disease Registry, and the national and international NephroS (Nephrotic Syndrome) groups, based within the UK Renal Registry in Bristol. These provided recruitment, essential genetic data, and DNA collection for the study. Researchers in Bristol provided functional and clinical insights leading to the discovery of causative genes relating to kidney disorders.

Professor Saleem said: Rare diseases in their entirety are common, in that there are more than 7,000 different rare diseases in total affecting about 7 per cent of the population. Most have a genetic cause, so this research for the first time brings the most powerful genetic sequencing capabilities to apply across the whole health service, meaning all patients will now have the best possible chance of finding their individual genetic defect.

In the study, funded mainly by the National Institute for Health Research, the entire genomes of almost 10,000 NHS patients with rare diseases were sequenced and searched for genetic causes of their conditions. Previously unobserved genetic differences causing known rare diseases were identified, in addition to genetic differences causing completely new genetic diseases.

The team identified more than 172 million genetic differences in the genomes of the patients, many of which were previously unknown. Most of these genetic differences have no effect on human health, so the researchers used new statistical methods and powerful supercomputers to search for the differences which cause disease a few hundred needles in the haystack.

Using a new analysis method developed specifically for the project, the team identified 95 genes in which rare genetic differences are statistically very likely to be the cause of rare diseases. Genetic differences in at least 79 of these genes have been shown definitively to cause disease.

The team searched for rare genetic differences in almost all of the 3.2 billion DNA letters that make up the genome of each patient. This contrasts with current clinical genomics tests, which usually examine a small fraction of the letters, where genetic differences are thought most likely to cause disease. By searching the entire genome researchers were able to explore the switches and dimmers of the genome the regulatory elements in DNA that control the activity of the thousands of genes.

The team showed that rare differences in these switches and dimmers, rather than disrupting the gene itself, affect whether or not the gene can be switched on at the correct intensity. Identifying genetic changes in regulatory elements that cause rare disease is not possible with the clinical genomics tests currently used by health services worldwide. It is only possible if the whole of the genetic code is analysed for each patient.

Dr Ernest Turro, from the University of Cambridge and the NIHR BioResource, said: We have shown that sequencing the whole genomes of patients with rare diseases routinely within a health system provides a more rapid and sensitive diagnostic service to patients than the previous fragmentary approach, and, simultaneously, it enhances genetics research for the future benefit of patients still waiting for a diagnosis.

"Thanks to the contributions of hundreds of physicians and researchers across the UK and abroad, we were able to study patients in sufficient numbers to identify the causes of even very rare diseases."

Paper:

Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system, by Ernest Turro et alin Nature.

There are thousands of rare diseases and, together, they affect more than three million people in the UK. To tackle this challenge, the NIHR BioResource created a network of 57 NHS hospitals which focus on the care of patients with rare diseases.

Based on the emerging data from the present NIHR BioResource study and other studies by Genomics England, the UK government previously announced that the NHS will offer whole-genome sequencing analysis for all seriously ill children with a suspected genetic disorder, including those with cancer. The sequencing of whole genomes will expand to one million genomes per year by 2024.

Whole-genome sequencing will be phased in nationally for the diagnosis of rare diseases as the standard of care, ensuring equivalent care across the country.

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Physiology

Muscle Physiology Quizzes – GetBodySmart

Skeletal Muscle Fiber Location and Arrangement

are located inside muscles, where they are organized into bundles called []

An interactive quiz about the general anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers, featuring illustrations-based multiple choice questions.

An interactive quiz about the internal anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers, featuring illustrations-based multiple choice questions.

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Muscle Physiology Quizzes - GetBodySmart

Physiology

CV Physiology | Welcome to Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts

This site is a web-based resource of cardiovascular physiology concepts that has been written for students, teachers, and health professionals. The materials contained in this web site focus on physiological concepts that serve as the basis of cardiovascular disease. Anatomy, pathology, pharmacology, biochemistry, etc. are not included except where material from these disciplines might help to explain a physiological concept. Therefore, the student should consult other reference sources for more detailed information related to those disciplines.

The contents of this site can be entered by several different routes. A searchcan be conducted on individual words or phrases, keywords found in theglossarycan be used to link to specific topics, a clinical-based content outline provides an organizational structure for the content, and tutorials can be used as a guide to learningtopics similar to how it would be presented in a course on cardiovascular physiology.

This web site provides abbreviated content of some of the material found in the textbook by the same author and title (Klabunde, R.E., Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts), which was published in its second edition by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2012). The printed textbook provides many more figures and tables, along with more detailed explanations of cardiovascular concepts, including details on topics not covered by this web site. More information on this textbook can be found by clicking on the book cover to the left.

Richard E. Klabunde, Ph.D.Professor of PhysiologyMarian University College of Osteopathic MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana

Revised 12/6/16

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CV Physiology | Welcome to Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts

Physiology

Anatomage Announces Its Upcoming eBook For Students To Experience and Interact with True-Human Cadavers Online – PRNewswire

Anatomage eBook consists of 25 chapters that feature major anatomy and physiology concepts of 12 major body systems and functions. For each concept, users are visually guided through all of the related body parts - from macro to microstructures - with educational texts and dynamic images. As the majority of images from Anatomage eBook stem from the Anatomage Table's true-human cadavers, the digital contents exhibit accurate human anatomy content that helps students decipher and memorize anatomical terms easier.

Anatomage eBook is optimized for online learning which allows students to access the contents from anywhere. Unlike other online tools, the eBook offers a unique user experience that is highly engaging and easy to navigate. The contents are highly visual and based on Anatomage's renowned photorealistic human data.

Modeled as a dynamic web-based textbook, Anatomage eBook produces an interactive, aesthetically pleasing interface where students can explore a variety of anatomy and physiology topics using interactive controls. From tapping on the screen to scrolling the mouse, users are able to navigate through diverse anatomical parts. Adjacent and tiny structures are also highlighted with colors for distinguishment. Furthermore, cadaveric models can be rotated and engaged for a better view. Given its high interactivity, Anatomage eBook efficiently transforms the clinical and anatomical terminology into illustrative learning visuals that enhance students' memory.

Anatomage eBook is an effective learning tool for undergraduate Anatomy & Physiology students. To assist with assessing student learning, questions are included for various key topics in the textbook. Since Anatomage eBook can be accessed anywhere with Internet connectivity, it can be used as an online learning tool for both in-class and self-study sessions. By offering a multimedia platform combined with its accurate anatomy and physiology representation, Anatomage eBook embodies a new standard for digital textbooks in the medical education industry.

Adopting the Anatomage eBook will enable your students to -

For more information, please visit here or contact [emailprotected].

About AnatomageAs a market leader in medical virtualization technology, Anatomage enables an ecosystem of 3D anatomy hardware and software, allowing users to visualize anatomy at the highest level of accuracy. Established in both education and healthcare industries, Anatomage is transforming standard anatomy learning, medical diagnosis and treatment planning through its highly innovative products.Contact:Jack ChoiCEOAnatomage Inc.Phone: 1-408-885-1474Email: [emailprotected] http://www.anatomage.com

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Anatomage Announces Its Upcoming eBook For Students To Experience and Interact with True-Human Cadavers Online - PRNewswire

Physiology

Data Shows That Viewing a Flower Promotes Recovery From Psychological Stress – PerishableNews

Japans National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) had demonstrated that viewing a flower image affects the brain activity and thereby induce psychological and physiological reaction which supports recovery from psychological stress.

The experiment put the subject group under a visual stress followed by showing a typical flower image which led to downregulation of negative emotions and decrease in elevated blood pressure and cortisol levels. Through this research, the mechanism of viewing flowers to reduce human stress was explained scientifically using psychology, physiology and neuroimaging techniques.

NARO, in collaboration with the University of Tsukuba, had clarified the mechanism of passive viewing of a flower image promoting recovery from stress by collecting evidence using psychological, physiological and neuroimaging methods.

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Data Shows That Viewing a Flower Promotes Recovery From Psychological Stress - PerishableNews