Breakthrough in Understanding Evolution Mitochondrial Division Conserved Across Species – SciTechDaily

Cellular origin is well explained by the endosymbiotic theory, which famously states that higher organisms called eukaryotes have evolved from more primitive single-celled organisms called prokaryotes. This theory also explains that mitochondriaenergy-producing factories of the cellare actually derived from prokaryotic bacteria, as part of a process called endosymbiosis. Biologists believe that their common ancestry is why the structure of mitochondria is conserved in eukaryotes, meaning that it is very similar across different speciesfrom the simplest to most complex organisms. Now, it is known that as cells divide, so do mitochondria, but exactly how mitochondrial division takes place remains a mystery. Is it possible that mitochondria across different multicellular organismsowing to their shared ancestrydivide in an identical manner? Considering that mitochondria are involved in some of the most crucial processes in the cell, including the maintenance of cellular metabolism, finding the answer to exactly how they replicate could spur further advancements in cell biology research.

In a new study published in Communications Biology on December 20, 2019, a group of scientists at Tokyo University of Science, led by Prof Sachihiro Matsunaga, wanted to find answers related to the origin of mitochondrial division. For their research, Prof Matsunaga and his team chose to study a type of red algathe simplest form of a eukaryote, containing only one mitochondrion. Specifically, they wanted to observe whether the machinery involved in mitochondrial replication is conserved across different species and, if so, why. Talking about the motivation for this study, Prof Matsunaga says, Mitochondria are important to cellular processes, as they supply energy for vital activities. It is established that cell division is accompanied by mitochondrial division; however, many points regarding its molecular mechanism are unclear.

This exciting new research describes how mitochondrial replication is similar in the simplest to most complex organisms, shedding light on its origin. Credit: Tokyo University of Science

The scientists first focused on an enzyme called Aurora kinase, which is known to activate several proteins involved in cell division by phosphorylating them (a well-known process in which phosphate groups are added to proteins to regulate their functions). By using techniques such as immunoblotting and kinase assays, they showed that the Aurora kinase in red algae phosphorylates a protein called dynamin, which is involved in mitochondrial division. Excited about these findings, Prof Matsunaga and his team wanted to take their research to the next level by identifying the exact sites where Aurora kinase phosphorylates dynamin, and using mass spectrometric experiments, they succeeded in identifying four such sites. Prof Matsunaga says, When we looked for proteins phosphorylated by Aurora kinase, we were surprised to find dynamin, a protein that constricts mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial division.

Having gained a little more insight into how mitochondria divide in red algae, the scientists then wondered if the process could be similar in more evolved eukaryotes, such as humans. Prof Matsunaga and his team then used a human version of Aurora kinase to see if it phosphorylates human dynaminand just as they predicted, it did. This led them to conclude that the process by which mitochondria replicate is very similar in different eukaryotic organisms. Prof Matsunaga elaborates on the findings by saying, Using biochemical in vitro assays, we showed that Aurora kinase phosphorylates dynamin in human cells. In other words, it was found that the mechanism by which Aurora kinase phosphorylates dynamin in the mitochondrion is preserved from primitive algae to humans.

Scientists have long pondered over the idea of mitochondrial division being conserved in eukaryotes. This study is the first to show not only the role of a new enzyme in mitochondrial replication but also that this process is similar in both algae and humans, hinting towards the fact that their common ancestry might have something to do with this. Prof Matsunaga concludes by talking about the potential implications of this study, Since the mitochondrial fission system found in primitive algae may be preserved in all living organisms including humans, the development of this method can make it easier to manipulate cellular activities of various organisms, as and when required.

As it turns out, we have much more in common with other species than we thought, and part of the evidence lies in our mitochondria!

Reference: Cyanidioschyzon merolae aurora kinase phosphorylates evolutionarily conserved sites on its target to regulate mitochondrial division by Shoichi Kato, Erika Okamura, Tomoko M. Matsunaga, Minami Nakayama, Yuki Kawanishi, Takako Ichinose, Atsuko H. Iwane, Takuya Sakamoto, Yuuta Imoto, Mio Ohnuma, Yuko Nomura, Hirofumi Nakagami, Haruko Kuroiwa, Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa and Sachihiro Matsunaga, 20 December 2019, Communications Biology.DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0714-x

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This is How Cells in the Human Body Learn How to Count – News18

Researchers have given us a count of around 37.2 trillion cells in the human body. Each of these mammalian cells constitute a nucleus and a cell membrane.

And as revealed by cytologists, every cell is symmetrical to one another, and that there are 23 pairs of chromosomes found in most of humans. The reason behind this fascinating fact is due to the cell programming, in all probability.

As per this programming, each variety of cell strives to reach a particular, pre-determined target size; and in the process, it adjusts, readjusts itself from time to time assessing whether it has crossed or lagging behind that target. There are molecules that sense its own size and enable the human cell to maintain uniformity.

However, there are certain cells in order to carry out some specific tasks, break out of this uniformity matrix.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine researchers conducted on genetically engineered mice, have suggested that the cilia count is dictated by a process observed in non-mammalian species. Known to have appeared first on single-celled organisms, cilia are small hair-like, finger-like primordial structures that serve as motors sensing the environment by shifting the cell or antennae.

What makes these cells noteworthy is that while other cells create 1 cilium per cell, these advanced cells go about creating hundreds of cilia.

In an attempt to answer the burning question, how the multi-cilliated cells are so drastically different from the rest of the body cells, Andrew Holland (PhD), professor of molecular biology and genetics (at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine), discovered that cilias base, centriole, where organelles are attached, gets formed prior to cell division; thereby leading to 2-parent centrioles in each cell.

Deuterosomes get created by multi-cilliated cells, which serve as a copy machine.

Keeping this theory in mind, Holland conducted experiments, which surprisingly ruled out deuterosomes pivotal function in determining cilias number. His experiments also disproved the idea that centrioles absence would impact the cilias number; and showed centrioles can be created spontaneously just like in small flatworm planaria which experiences the same de novo generation of centrioles.

Upon delving deeper, Holland observed that there is an area rich with fibrogranular material in the cell, where centrioles are flocking together. It is this protein concentrated region in the cell, brimming with required elements to create centrioles, which might be responsible for ultimately determining the number of cilia getting created, suspects Holland.

In his opinion, deuterosomes act to mitigate pressure from the parent centrioles. By being free from the activity of creating new centrioles, the parent centrioles thereby get to carry out other necessary activities.

All the experiments helmed by Dr Holland, have been chronicled in Nature Cell Biology, as Dec 2.

Unearthing the mechanisms or causes governing the cilia number, can shed light on treatment of respiratory infection, infertility, hydrocephaly-- all cilia-related ailments.

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The health impacts of cell towers – Point Reyes Light

How are cell towers similar to DDT, an insecticide infamous for its environmental impacts? Its a good question. On Dec. 8, about 90 local residents asked this question and many more at an event to explore the health and environmental impacts of wireless technology. As new cell towers are being proposed in the area, interest was high, with standing-room only in the Point Reyes Community Presbyterian Church.

The event was sponsored by the West Marin Alliance for Human and Environmental Health, the Point Reyes Coalition for SafeTech and the Ecological Options Network. I spoke alongside Dr. Madga Havas from Canada and Ellie Marks of the California Brain Tumor Association.

I am a physician who has studied and developed policies for environmental toxins for over 25 years. When I learned of a proposal to place a cell tower on my daughters school 10 years ago, I dove into the research. What I learned is that wireless technology and infrastructure is a broad environmental and human toxin. We use and are increasingly surrounded by these devices: cell phones, laptops, smart watches, smart meters and internet routers. Unfortunately, we are told these devices are safe, that we do not really know if there is harm or that the research is inconclusive. Myself and over 250 expert scientists who have looked at this issue conclude the opposite.

To start with, the standard set by the Federal Communications Commission is based only on a single impact: heating of the tissues. This is like a cooking standard, and it ignores other biological effects. Nature and human biology are much more complex than technology. Humans evolved over millions of years in an environment with extremely low electromagnetic radiation. Our bodies use very tiny electrical signals that communicate within a labyrinth of molecules which are critical to the proper development of a fetus and to the healthy functioning of an adult.

In medical school, I learned about only a fraction of the thousands of dizzying interactions within and between cells that regulate reproduction, energy metabolism, the immune system, the gut, the brain and the nervous system. I learned that biology is both intricate and fragile, like a symphonic orchestra in which every instrument must be played perfectly. In studying toxic exposures, I learned that there can be different mechanisms at work that cause harm to our cells and biology.

One of these mechanisms is oxidation, which, like rust, causes aging and the breakdown of DNA, proteins, lipids and other critical molecules. The insecticide DDT causes oxidation, and antioxidants we consume counter this effect. The effect of oxidation on cells has been well studied; scientific literature connects oxidative cellular harm to inflammation and human disease. This mechanism does not involve heat injury.

When non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation is emitted from wireless devices, it passes through us and is variably absorbed in our bodies. The radiation is absorbed by water and blocked by metal. Of 100 peer-reviewed articles on radio frequency radiation and oxidation, 93 studies found a positive result, or resulting damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. This is not a thermal effect; it is a biological effect.

Dozens of studies have linked wireless radiation to sperm, ovarian and embryo harm, and to miscarriage. Neurologic injury is also a worry because studies show damage to nerve cells, the alteration of neurotransmitter levels, the opening of the blood-brain barrier (with large epidemiologic studies indicating memory impairment), behavioral changes and an increase in brain cancer.

Addiction to and the overuse of wireless devices is especially problematic for children. Six studies have demonstrated brain shrinkagein white and grey matterin those addicted to electronic devices. A new article in the Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics showed evidence of microstructural brain changes and brain shrinkage in children age 3 to 5 years who use an electronic device more than one hour a day.

Studies on cell towers show an increase in cancer in those living within 1,500 feet of towers; other studies show an alteration in stress hormones and blood abnormalities. A significant percentage of people also report non-specific or vague health symptoms, including headaches, fatigue, dizziness, nausea and insomnia when living close to cell towers. Electro-sensitivity is a real disease and more peoplefrom 3 to 18 percentare reporting vague symptoms when they use wireless devices.

Wireless radiation can also affect the health, behavior and migration of animals. Bees appear particularly sensitive, and plants and trees are also adversely affected. Precaution on all fronts is needed with the placement of cell towers, as the radiation they emit is constant. Once a large cell tower is in place, 5G small cells will follow. Cell towers become a permanent Trojan horse.

Cindy Russell, a plastic surgeon practicing in Mountain View, is the executive director of Physicians for Safe Technology. For more information, visit MDSafeTech.org.

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Bruker Corporation to Present at the 38th Annual JP Morgan Healthcare Conference – BioSpace

BILLERICA, Mass., Dec. 30, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR) announced today it will participate in the 38th annual J.P. Morgan Healthcare Conference in San Francisco. Frank Laukien, Chairman, President & CEO and Gerald Herman, CFO will present on behalf of the company on Monday, January 13th, 2020 at 11:30 AM Pacific Time.

A live audio webcast of the presentation will be available on the Investor Relations section of the Company's website at https://ir.bruker.com . A replay of the presentation will be posted in the "Events & Presentations" section of the Bruker Corporation Investor Relations website after the event and will be available for 30 days following the presentation.

About Bruker Corporation (Nasdaq: BRKR)

Bruker is enabling scientists to make breakthrough discoveries and develop new applications that improve the quality of human life. Bruker's high-performance scientific instruments and high-value analytical and diagnostic solutions enable scientists to explore life and materials at molecular, cellular and microscopic levels. In close cooperation with our customers, Bruker is enabling innovation, improved productivity and customer success in life science molecular research, in applied and pharma applications, in microscopy and nanoanalysis, and in industrial applications, as well as in cell biology, preclinical imaging, clinical phenomics and proteomics research and clinical microbiology. For more information, please visit: http://www.bruker.com.

Contact: Miroslava MinkovaDirector, Investor Relations & Corporate DevelopmentBruker CorporationT: +1 (978) 663 3660, ext. 1479E: Investor.Relations@bruker.com

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At the Helm of the World’s Most Influential Medical Journal – Tufts Now

Physician Eric Rubin, M90, GBS90, has a lot going on. He directs a prolific lab doing groundbreaking work on tuberculosis at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. He sees patients as an infectious disease specialist. And in September, he started another role: editor-in-chief of the New England Journal of Medicine, the oldest and most widely read general medical journal in the world.

Wearing that many hats isnt a problem, he said, because all those things are fun.

It's like when youre a kid and you want to be a policeman or a fireman, he said, and I can be a policeman and a fireman. Its like I never grew up.

Rubin was raised in Brockton, Massachusetts, and studied biochemistry at Harvard before earning his M.D. and Ph.D. at Tufts School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences. He talked with Tufts Now about his time at Tufts, the upside of acknowledging your mistakes, and the editorial challenge of conflicts of interest.

Tufts Now: When you graduated from Harvard, you went right into the M.D./Ph.D. Medical Scientist Training Program at Tufts. Did you always know you wanted to do research?

Eric Rubin: I always wanted to be a doctor, but I hadnt really considered research until college, when I worked in a lab and I really liked it. I thought doing research as well as medicine would be great, but I didnt actually apply to M.D./Ph.D. programs, because applying seemed like a lot of work. But Tufts was just starting its M.D./Ph.D. program. After I got into the Tufts School of Medicine, the new director of the M.D./Ph.D. program called me up and asked me to join the first class. I said, Is there an essay involved? And he said, No. I said, Yes.

The microbiology department where I did my Ph.D. was one of the best places to do a Ph.D. in the world, and remains that way. Theres just a terrific, nurturing environment for graduate students. Great, great facultymany of whom are still thereand new ones theyve added have maintained the ethos of that place. It really made an impression on me and helped shape my career.

Youve been an author on more than 150 research papers. Whats one that stands out in your mind?

At Tufts, I decided to work on a problem that had been very difficultfiguring out how botulism works. Botulism is caused by a toxin. At the time, we had no idea what that toxin did. So I started working with it and quickly identified a function for the proteins that people hadnt found.

I wrote it up as a paper and submitted it to Nature. It got very good reviews and came back with a few suggestions. Then I realized that something was wrong. In fact, the activity that I was measuring wasnt due to the toxin that causes botulism, it was due to contaminants. They have nothing to do with botulism, but they have really interesting and novel mechanisms of action. And thats what I spent the rest of my Ph.D. career on.

Is there a moral to that story?

The bottom line is that youre best off doing things carefully and rigorously, even if you end up disproving your favorite hypothesis. In this case, the more exciting paper would have been to attribute what we found to the toxin that causes botulismthat would have gotten us into Nature.

But in fact, I think we learned a lot more, and learned about a class of proteins that turned out to be very important in cell biology, particularly in cancer cell biology. So it took us in a direction we hadnt expected to go. But if we hadnt been careful, we wouldnt have noticed what the problem was.

Youve been an editor at the New England Journal of Medicine since 2012, and youve had editorial roles at other journals since 2002. Whats fun about being an editor?

Seeing a lot of really interesting science, and being involved in helping to shape how that gets communicatedI think thats exciting. At the New England Journal of Medicine, we make decisions collectively and meet all the time. And that means you hear about everything.

You hear all the best stories in medicine being presented by an expert in the topic. Its amazing and so, so interesting. Learning about whats going on in science and medicine has been great, and being able to work with incredibly smart people has also been fantastic.

Youve said that conflicts of interests are among the most contentious issues that the journal deals with. What do you think can be done better?

We rely on our authors and reviewers and editorialists to be honest in their reporting and I think in the overwhelming majority of cases they are. When occasionally they arent, or they forget the conflicts that they have, sometimes people catch them on it. But we dont have detectives going out there to check that what people said is true. We say, this is our policy we expect our authors etc., to live up to that and then put the burden on them. And I think its fair and I think that almost entirely works.

Then come the policy questions. How much of a conflict is a conflict? Right now, we have some very, very strict rules for our own editors. We dont let them have any financial conflicts whatsoever. For our editorialists, we allow them to have rather minimal conflicts, although they help define what those are.

And for our authors, we essentially allow them to have conflicts as long as they disclose them. And I think thats important. But what exactly should the limits be? If youre going to write an editorial, which makes recommendations based on an original article that we published, how much can you be involved in that field? And I think thats something that we have to continuously reevaluate.

The best experts oftentimes are conflicted. And so were constantly having to choose between people who might be the best authors and might make the most informed recommendations, and people who may be less informed but are unconflicted. So that means we have to draw a line somewhere and we will continue to think about where those lines should be.

Julie Flaherty can be reached at julie.flaherty@tufts.edu.

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Biological Imaging Reagents Market is Projected To Surge At a CAGR of 8.5% from 2019 to 2027 – Market Research Sheets

Biological Imaging Reagents Market: Introduction

Transparency Market Research has published a new report on the biological imaging reagents market for the forecast period of20192027. According to the report, the globalbiological imaging reagents marketwas valued at ~US$ 13.5 Bnin2018and is projected to expand at a CAGR of8.5%from2019to2027.

Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market:Overview

Biological imaging reagents are substances used in research and diagnosis purposes in imaging modalities, to enhance THE visualization of internal organs and in vivo live cell imaging.

These reagents are used in different imaging modalities such as X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound for THE diagnosis of different diseases, as well as in drug discovery.

Growth of the global biological imaging reagents market can be attributed to the rise in the demand for diagnostic imaging procedures across the globe.

Asia Pacific is a highly lucrative market for biological imaging reagents, due to the improving healthcare infrastructure and increase in the geriatric population.

North America dominated the global biological imaging reagents market in2018,and the trend is projected to continue during the forecast period, due to the higher prevalence of diseases and high number of imaging procedures.

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High Prevalence and Increase in Incidence Rate of Chronic Diseases to Drive Market

The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased in the past few years across the globe. These diseases include cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

These diseases need diagnostic imaging tests. Life science reagents such as biological imaging reagents are an integral part of a large number of diagnostic imaging tests. Hence, the high prevalence of these chronic diseases and increasing research activities to discover treatments for these diseases are propelling the global biological imaging reagents market. According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases account for around17.9 milliondeaths globally every year, which constitutes an estimated31%of all deaths.

Rise in the number of diagnostic imaging procedures and increase in research activities for new drug development are the other factors driving the global market.

Moreover, the launch of new imaging reagents and approval of products for specific indications in the past few years contributed to the growth of the global biological imaging reagents market.

Nuclear Reagents to be Lucrative Option

Based on class, the global biological imaging reagents market has been classified into contrast reagents, optical reagents, and nuclear reagents.

The optical reagents segment dominated the global biological imaging reagents market in2018. However, the contrast reagents segment is anticipated to dominate the global market from2019to2027.

Nuclear reagents are expected to be a highly lucrative segment during the forecast period, owing to the better visualization effects of imaging achieved by these reagents and rise in the demand for radiopharmaceutical agents in imaging modalities

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Optical Imaging Dominated Global Market

In terms of modality, the global biological imaging reagents market has been categorized into MRI, ultrasound, X-ray & CT, nuclear, optical imaging, and others. The nuclear segment has been bifurcated into PET and SPECT.

The optical imaging segment dominated the global biological imaging reagents market in2018, owing to advanced technologies in optical imaging and large number of research activities on this method.

In-vivo to be Promising Application

Based on application, the global biological imaging reagents market has been bifurcated into in vitro and in vivo.

The in vitro segment has been classified into proteomics, genomics, and cell biology.

In vivo is likely to be a highly promising segment in the next few years, owing to an increase in vivo research activities by CROs for drug discovery, and growth of the biopharmaceutical industry.

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Transparency Market Research is a next-generation market intelligence provider, offering fact-based solutions to business leaders, consultants, and strategy professionals.

Our reports are single-point solutions for businesses to grow, evolve, and mature. Our real-time data collection methods along with ability to track more than one million high growth niche products are aligned with your aims. The detailed and proprietary statistical models used by our analysts offer insights for making right decision in the shortest span of time. For organizations that require specific but comprehensive information we offer customized solutions through adhoc reports. These requests are delivered with the perfect combination of right sense of fact-oriented problem solving methodologies and leveraging existing data repositories.

TMR believes that unison of solutions for clients-specific problems with right methodology of research is the key to help enterprises reach right decision.

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Biological Imaging Reagents Market is Projected To Surge At a CAGR of 8.5% from 2019 to 2027 - Market Research Sheets

Weight Loss in Women over Age 50 Works as Breast Cancer Preventative – The Great Courses Daily News

By Jonny Lupsha, News Writer

According to the results of the recently published study, more than 180,000 women were observed over the course of 10 years. During this time, any weight loss of greater than 2 kg that wasnt put back on in full was considered sustained weight loss. Compared with women with stable weight (plus or minus 2 kg), women with sustained weight loss had a lower risk of breast cancer, the paper said. This risk reduction was linear and specific to women not using postmenopausal hormones. Linking lifestyle choices to cancer rates has been a challenging process for doctors, but theyre starting to get results.

Due to the countless variations in our individual diets and our individual bodies, studies correlating the two have been difficult to conductalthough researchers have tried.

They took a bunch of different countries and asked the question, If you look at the overall diet of everyone in the country and you say on a population basis, whats the relationship between fat consumption in the diet and breast cancer?' said Dr. David Sadava, Adjunct Professor of Cancer Cell Biology at the City of Hope Medical Center. You get a graph thats quite famous in the annals of cancer research.

Heres a percent of calories as fat, and it ranged from 10 percent, that is a pretty low-fat diet, in Thailand, to about 45 percent in the United Kingdom, Dr. Sadava said. It goes up and you say, Whoa, that means more fat means more breast cancer. But wait a minute, are the people who consumed the high-fat diet the same ones who got breast cancer?

According to Dr. Sadava, a study of 337,000 women found that that wasnt the case at all. When you look at a case-control study of relative risk versus the percent of fat in a diet, so it ranges from 20 percent to 45 percent of fat in the diet, you find the relative risk on an individual basis is the same, he said.

Of course, a high-fat diet is still harmful for the body, but it doesnt always correlate with the types of cancer one would expect. Obesity, as it turns out, is a far better metric.

Obesity is determined by ones body mass index (BMI), which in turn is calculated by the relation of height to weight in an adult. The ranges on the BMI scale tell an individual if theyre underweight, normal, overweight, obese, or severely obese.

People over a certain body mass index are at risk to getting cancer as well as many other things, Dr. Sadava said. It could be a descriptive risk factorin other words, it could be a risk factor that makes these people more prone to getting cancer for other causes. Or it could be a causative risk factor, which means the fat thats accumulating may actually cause the cancer.

Most evidence suggests that the stored fat in those with high BMIs is a causative risk factor, although as always, scientists are hesitant to definitively link one thing to another, since correlation does not imply causation. Regardless of whether fat is a descriptive or causative risk factor, this months published article in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute says a lot for weight loss as breast cancer prevention.

Dr. David Sadava is Adjunct Professor of Cancer Cell Biology at the City of Hope Medical Center in Duarte, CA. Professor Sadava graduated from Carleton University as the science medalist with a B.S. with first-class honors in biology and chemistry. A Woodrow Wilson Fellow, he earned a Ph.D. in Biology from the University of California, San Diego.

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Optical Microscopes Market is Expected to Expand at an Impressive Rate by 2025 – Industry Mirror

Owing to the presence of a limited key players, theglobaloptical microscopes marketis likely to be extremely competitive. The players are competing on the basis of cost, quality, and features of the microscopes for example, associated software, magnification power, product performance, and price of the product. There has been an uptake in the investment in research and development in several sectors for example, healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and electronics. This lead the competition to intensify in forthcoming years.

Some of the key players in the global optical microscopes market are Leica Microsystems, Carl Zeiss, Nikon Instruments, Meiji Techno, and Olympus. Besides, there are some more important organizations such as ACCU-SCOPE, 3B Scientific, Ample Scientific, Aven, AmScope, BARSKA, Bruker, BestScope, Bulbtronics, Cole-Parmer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Celestron, Euromex, Ken-A-Vision, Huvitz, Parco Scientific, Motic, Swift Opticals, Magnus Analytics, and Thomas Scientific.

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According to Transparency market Research (TMR), the global optical microscopes market is anticipated to expand at a steady CAGR of 6% within the forecast period from 2016 to 2025. In 2015, the market was valued around worth of US$1.5 bn. This figure is expected to grow in coming years. Based on end-use industry the optical microscopes market is segmented into diagnostics labs, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology firms, clinics and hospitals, academic and research institutes, and so on. Among these, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology firms segment is prognosticated to lead the market with highest number of share in the market, in 2016. Regionally, the global market is dominated by Asia Pacific and North America regions, owing to the presence of most of the biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms established in these regions.

Advancement in Nanotechnology to Fuel Optical Microscopes Market

Some of the factors, for example, rise in investment in research and development, progress in nanotechnology, improvement in the field of optical microscopy, and advancement in software technology are anticipated to drive demand in optical microscopes within the upcoming years. Blood cells discovery in human body provides good scope for studies in cell biology. Additionally, discovery of genes responsible of body development is expected to surge the market in forecast period. These improvements are expected to impel interest for optical microscopes. Confinements of optical microscopy in the field of research when contrasted with small scale vendors and electron microscopes offering cost-effective products are the primary limitations for the optical microscopes market.

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Rising Educational Institutes to Augment Demand for Low-Cost Optical Microscopes

With training organizations multiplying, the market for optical microscopes has an uplifting outlook in the past few years. A few worldwide activities carried out by the United Nations, for example, Global Education First Initiative prevailing in not just allotting funds for basic and secondary education in several nations, but also initiated techniques to enhance the nature of training being provided. As a result of this, there has been a growth in number of educational centers in the previous couple of years. The rise in number of education centers all over the world is supporting the uptake in the demand for low-cost optical microscopes market.

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How Inflammation Can Lead to Depression – Psychology Today

When we think of things like depression, the role of inflammation seems secondary to, perhaps, social circumstances that cause sadness and trauma, or even ourgenetics, which is a continuous field of study in mental health. Inflammation in brain and spinal cord tissue (also known as headaches and backaches) can usually be lessened by swallowing a Tylenol or two. But researchers in Georgia and South Carolina were recently awarded grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) to study the biochemistry that contributes to inflammation.

"Everything has a price. The price, however, isn't always money." -Ahmed Mostafa

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Why?

It goes back to swallowing a Tylenol to make your pain dissipatein other words, your biochemistry. In order to better understand our biochemistry and why Tylenol and other drugs are effective, we have to understand something called the complement system or the complement cascade. The complement system is part of a humans immune system.

Our immune system provides checks and balances throughout the body to keep us healthy. The complement system is made up of proteins derived from the liver. If your liver isnt healthy, theres a good chance you may be unhealthy in other areas as wellincluding your mental health.

The complement system was named by Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915). Ehrlich won a Nobel Prize for his contributions in immunology; he discovered the cure for syphilis, and in so doing, coined the term chemotherapy. Chemotherapy basically means using chemistry to treat diseasethough today, people use the phrase almost exclusively for the treatment of cancer.

When a human gets an infectionwhich can include something like the common cold orfluone of the first responses by the immune system is inflammation. Inflammation is a physical barrier, meant to help contain the infection in order to help promote healing. But researchers at the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University have found that chronic stress actually causes inflammation in the brainin the same way that cold germs cause inflammation in our throat and nasal passages. Inflammation of the brain essentially destroys the connections between neurons, causing depression.

Monocytes are white blood cells.Monocytes circulate throughout our bodies during periods of stress as a line of defense. But it is the microglia or the immune cells in the brainthat may be delivering excess C3, a small protein from the complement system that causes continuous inflammation in the brain, which then contributes to depression.

Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine are collaborating with Georgia researchers because their lab synthesizes something called complement inhibitors, or drugs that block C3 activation.

Though interferon-alpha is a drug used to treat cancer, its also a naturally-occurring protein produced by our bodies to stimulate the immune system in order to stop viral infections and the development of melanoma (skin cancer)a very useful aspect to our biochemistry. The problem comes in with prolonged use of the synthesized version. Patients treated with interferon-alpha for long periods of time had depression and other mental health issues.[i] Its interesting to note that when overused as a synthesized drug, the very protein our bodies create on their own works against us.

The theory is that increases in interferon-alphawhether through chronic stress or something like the treatment of canceractivatethe microglia, the immune cells in the brain. Activating the microglia ups the production of the C3 protein, which in turn not only damages communication between our neurons but outright destroys the connections between them. When our neurons cant communicate, we dont think properly. When we cant think properly, we cant act properly.

As we move into 2020, its important to remember that keeping ourselves in stressful environmentswhether at home or through a jobis not just causing situational depression (or temporary depression that goes away when the difficulty does), it mayactually be destroying brain function. The more we understand about how our bodies work, the healthier our minds will be, too.

In the new year, its of the utmost importance to remove yourself from anyrelationship that is causing chronic stress. Think of people who abuse you as not just abusers you can walk away from, but individuals who are causing you, your body, and your mind irreparable harm that can and will permanently affect both your physical and mental health.

No person or situation is worth injuring your life. Start fresh in 2020. If you have a difficult relationship, begin regular counseling sessions so you can at least have less stress as you work toward financial independence, increasing your ability to leave the toxicity behind. If your partner isnt amenable to counseling, you can always go to talk therapy sessions on your own.

Protecting your brain from the effects of chronic stress protects every aspect of your life. The year 2020 is all about living longer and stronger. That starts the moment you begin believing in yourself.

Read the rest here:
How Inflammation Can Lead to Depression - Psychology Today

2020 Biochemistry Analyzers Market Insight ( Investment Analysis, Market Overview and Focus on Top Players) | By QYResearch – The Picayune Current

Los Angeles, United State,January 2020 :

The latest report up for sale by QY Research demonstrates that the global Biochemistry Analyzers market is likely to garner a great pace in the coming years. Analysts have scrutinized the market drivers, confinements, risks, and openings present in the overall market. The report shows course the market is expected to take in the coming years along with its estimations. The careful examination is aimed at understanding of the course of the market.

Global Biochemistry Analyzers Market: Segmentation

The global market for Biochemistry Analyzers is segmented on the basis of product, type, services, and technology. All of these segments have been studied individually. The detailed investigation allows assessment of the factors influencing the market. Experts have analyzed the nature of development, investments in research and development, changing consumption patterns, and growing number of applications. In addition, analysts have also evaluated the changing economics around the market that are likely affect its course.

Get PDF template of Biochemistry Analyzers market [emailprotected] https://www.qyresearch.com/sample-form/form/1122038/global-Biochemistry-Analyzers-market

The various contributors involved in the value chain of the product include manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, intermediaries, and customers. The key manufacturers in this market includeAbbottDanaherRoche DiagnosticsSiemens

By the product type, the market is primarily split intoSemi-AutomaticFully Automatic

By the end users/application, this report covers the following segmentsHospital and Diagnostic LaboratoriesHome Care, and AcademicResearch Institutes

What will the report include?

Market Dynamics: The report shares important information on influence factors, market drivers, challenges, opportunities, and market trends as part of market dynamics.

Global Market Forecast: Readers are provided with production and revenue forecasts for the global Biochemistry Analyzers market, production and consumption forecasts for regional markets, production, revenue, and price forecasts for the global Biochemistry Analyzers market by type, and consumption forecast for the global Biochemistry Analyzers market by application.

Regional Market Analysis: It could be divided into two different sections: one for regional production analysis and the other for regional consumption analysis. Here, the analysts share gross margin, price, revenue, production, CAGR, and other factors that indicate the growth of all regional markets studied in the report.

Market Competition: In this section, the report provides information on competitive situation and trends including merger and acquisition and expansion, market shares of top three or five players, and market concentration rate. Readers could also be provided with production, revenue, and average price shares by manufacturers.

Strategic Points Covered in TOC:

Chapter 1: Introduction, market driving force product scope, market risk, market overview, and market opportunities of the global Biochemistry Analyzers market

Chapter 2: Evaluating the leading manufacturers of the global Biochemistry Analyzers market which consists of its revenue, sales, and price of the products

Chapter 3: Displaying the competitive nature among key manufacturers, with market share, revenue, and sales

Chapter 4: Presenting global Biochemistry Analyzers market by regions, market share and with revenue and sales for the projected period

Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9: To evaluate the market by segments, by countries and by manufacturers with revenue share and sales by key countries in these various regions

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2020 Biochemistry Analyzers Market Insight ( Investment Analysis, Market Overview and Focus on Top Players) | By QYResearch - The Picayune Current