Research Fellow in Vascular Stem Cell Biology job with QUEENS UNIVERSITY BELFAST | 190420 – Times Higher Education (THE)

Application closing date 02/01/2020 Salary 33,797 - 40,322 per annum Job category/type ResearchAttachments

Job description

Queen's University Belfast is a driver of innovation based on our talented, multinational workforce. Throughout the University, our academics are collaborating across disciplines to develop new discoveries and insights, working with outside agencies and institutions on projects of international significance. We are connected and networked withstrategic partnerships across the world, helping us to expand our impact on wider society locally, nationally and globally. The University is committed to attracting, retaining and developing the best global talent within an environment that enables them to realise their full potential.

We are a leader in gender equality and diversity, and are one of the UK's most successful universities in the Athena SWAN initiative which promotes gender equality and career progression. The School of MDBS holds an Athena SWAN Silver award in recognition of our commitment and success in addressing gender equality, representation, progression and success for all our staff. We are ranked 1st in the UK for knowledge transfer partnerships, (Innovate UK) 9th in the UK for University facilities (Times Higher Education Student Experience Survey 2018) and 14th in the UK for research quality (Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2019).

Based in Belfast, a modern capital city, our beautiful campus is surrounded by abundant acres of parkland and is renowned as one of the safest and affordable cities in the UK. The choice of local Schools from pre-nursery upwards are some of the best available, and lovers of the outdoors can enjoy any number of activities from rowing and kayaking to top class golf among many others. We are immensely proud of what our city and our University will offer you.

Our five core values - Integrity, Connected, Ambition, Respect, Excellence - are shared by our staff and students, representing the expectations we have for ourselves and each other, guiding our day-to-day decisions and the way we behave as individuals in an international organisation.

The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM) is an interdisciplinary research centre which is committed to the highest quality scientific endeavour, with over 250 basic and clinical scientists working on site.Our mission is to understand the mechanisms of disease and use that understanding to develop innovative new treatments and therapies to improve patient outcomes.

We are recruiting for a Research Fellow to join the Vascular Stem Cell Biology Research team within the WWIEM led by Prof Alan Stitt to work on a project funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF). The project will employ in in vitro and in vivo model systems and cell and molecular biological approaches to investigate the regulation of metabolism in vascular progenitors to improve tissue regeneration in ischaemic disease. The successful candidate will design, develop and refine experimental models to investigate vascular repair and re-perfusion of ischaemic tissues in order to obtain reliable and reproducible data.

The successful candidate must:

Candidate Information

Informal enquiries may be directed to Dr Christina O'Neilll via email:christina.oneill@qub.ac.uk

About the GroupFurther Information about the InstituteFurther Information for International ApplicantsNote to EAA Applicants on Brexit

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Research Fellow in Vascular Stem Cell Biology job with QUEENS UNIVERSITY BELFAST | 190420 - Times Higher Education (THE)

Synthetic Biology Industry Outlook to 2024 Featuring Leading Players Active Motif, Bayer, BASF, Cargill, DowDuPont, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis…

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Synthetic Biology: Global Markets" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The study scope includes core synthetic biology products (e.g., oligonucleotides, synthetic genes, BioBrick parts, delivery plasmids, chassis organisms, synthetic cells, cell-based and cell-free production systems), enabling technologies (e.g., DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, gene editing, bioinformatics, specialty media) and enabled technologies (e.g., healthcare, industrial chemicals, consumer products, food and beverage, agriculture) that are already commercialized or are forecast to be commercialized through 2024.

Key synthetic biology technologies and products are analyzed to determine present and future market status, as well as forecasted growth from 2019 to 2024. In-depth discussion of strategic alliances, industry structures, competitive dynamics, patents and market driving forces is also provided.

The author examines the synthetic biology industry by market segment, including DNA sequencing, DNA synthesis, gene editing, synthetic biology foundries and software; as well as the agriculture; consumer products, cosmetics and skin care, food and beverage, healthcare and industrial chemicals enable product sectors.

The role of key strategic alliances and acquisitions from January 2018 to September 2019 is discussed. Emerging markets, including synthetic genes, synthetic-biology-enabled drugs and vaccines, genome-edited crops and chassis organisms; as well as metabolically engineered factories for producing synthetic fuels and specialty chemicals, are analyzed, and more than 215 companies in these fields are highlighted.

The report includes:

Market Insights

The synthetic biology industry is a prime growth opportunity due to several factors. First, many of the applications for synthetic biology have large addressable markets and the penetration rate is still modest; the industry will experience explosive growth as these penetration rates accelerate. Second, development of exciting new technologies is driving innovation within the industry. These technologies include ultra-high-throughput screening platforms for organism design, enzymatic DNA synthesis and novel gene editing platforms. Third, the industry is focusing on value-added products, placing less emphasis on cost-sensitive, commodity products.

Synthetic biology foundries now routinely design, build and test designer organisms capable of producing valuable end products. The workflow includes modifying the genomes of these organisms to produce just the right combination of taste and texture, as for the food industry. Designer organisms in the textile industry help achieve the right combination of strength, flexibility, weight, dimensional variability, and targeted surface and structural modification. High-value synthetic biology end products such as these are forecast to drive significant market growth in this industry.

This report provides in-depth coverage of the dynamic synthetic biology industry, including insights into its component technologies and market segments, as well as its leading participants.

The synthetic biology industry consists of three main sets of technologies and products: enabling, core and enabled. Enabling technologies and products are the engines that drive the development of the synthetic biology industry. Core products and technologies, including standardized DNA parts, synthetic genes and chassis organisms, are the key tools by which cellular factories and systems produce enabled products.

Synthetic biology-enabled products (e.g., pharmaceuticals, chemicals, biofuels, agricultural, textiles, food) have large downstream market potential. Synthetic biology technologies add value in each of these downstream industries. In agriculture, synthetic biology makes it possible to produce crops with desired traits, such as pest resistance or high yields. Synthetic biology allows for the production of foods free of animal products, meeting an emerging consumer need in this industry.

Key Topics Covered

1. Introduction

2. Summary and Highlights

3. Overview

4. Technology Background

5. Synthetic Biology Applications

6. Synthetic Biology Industry

7. Synthetic Biology Markets

8. Patents

9. Company Profiles

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/9vvv4h

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Synthetic Biology Industry Outlook to 2024 Featuring Leading Players Active Motif, Bayer, BASF, Cargill, DowDuPont, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis...

Did Cellectis Just Provide a Glimpse of the Future of Cellular Medicine? – The Motley Fool

For all of the wondrous potential of immunotherapies, there have been some notable obstacles in the early goings. Engineering immune cells to attack cancerous tumors can lead to solid results shortly after administering a dose, but for many patients the effects wear off once rapidly mutating tumor cells acquire new defense mechanisms.

Cellectis (NASDAQ:CLLS) thinks it may have a partial solution. In mid-November, the gene editing company published the results from a proof of concept study for its "smart" immunotherapy approach. Is the technique the future of cellular medicine?

Image source: Getty Images.

Today, cellular oncology therapies genetically engineer immune cells to bolster their safety and efficacy as a cancer treatment. There are T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and others. They're often engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) or T cell receptors (TCRs), which allow them to home in on and suppress specific genes in cancer cells.

While current-generation CAR T cells or CAR NK cells are capable of mounting formidable attacks on tumors at first, treatment responses aren't durable for all patients. That's because cancer cells mutate to rely on different proliferation genes, or secrete new molecules into the tumor microenvironment that neutralize immune cells. Meanwhile, overstimulating the immune system can reduce the potency of immune cells and lead to devastating side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome.

That prompted Cellectis to design "smart" CAR T cells capable of adapting to changes in the tumor microenvironment. In a proof of concept study, the company utilized synthetic biology concepts to rewire genetic circuits in three different genes of the initial T cells.

One edit made the immunotherapy more potent, but in a controlled manner to reduce off-target toxicity. The other two edits imbued CAR T cells with the ability to secrete inflammatory proteins inside the tumor microenvironment in proportion to the concentration of cancer cells.

In other words, the smart CAR T cells only asked for help from the rest of the immune system when it was needed most, which increased the anti-tumor activity of treatment and made native immune cells less likely to become neutralized. That should reduce the likelihood of triggering cytokine release syndrome, the most common (and potentially fatal) side effect of cellular medicines, which is caused by high concentrations of immune cells.

The study was conducted in mice, which means the safety and efficacy observations can't be extrapolated into humans. But that wasn't the point. The proof of concept demonstrates that the basic idea of engineering tightly controlled genetic circuits into immunotherapies is feasible. It could even allow multiple genetic circuits of the same drug candidate to be tested against one another in parallel, hastening drug development and lowering costs. Is it the inevitable future of cellular medicine?

Image source: Getty Images.

Gene editing tools are required to engineer immune cells. In fact, immunotherapies are the lowest hanging fruit for gene editing technology platforms today. It's simply easier to engineer immune cells in the lab (ex vivo) than it is to engineer specific cell types in the complex environment of the human body (in vivo).

That explains why nearly every leading gene editing company has immunotherapy programs in its pipeline. Coincidentally, all of the leading drug candidates in the industry pipeline are off-the-shelf CAR T cells engineered to treat CD19 malignancies such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), regardless of the gene editing approach used. The smart CAR T cells designed by Cellectis targeted CD22 malignancies, but the approach could be adapted to CD19 antigen.

Developer(s)

Drug Candidate

Gene Editing Approach

Development Status

Cellectis and Servier

UCART19

TALEN

Phase 2

Precision BioSciences (NASDAQ:DTIL)

PCAR0191

ARCUS gene editing

Phase 1/2

CRISPR Therapeutics (NASDAQ:CRSP)

CTX110

CRISPR-Cas9

Phase 1/2

Sangamo Therapeutics (NASDAQ:SGMO) and Gilead Sciences (NASDAQ:GILD)

KITE-037

Zinc finger nuclease

Preclinical

Data source: Company websites.

Will these companies eventually turn to "smart" immunotherapies with regulated genetic circuits? It does seem inevitable, especially if the approach can reduce or eliminate cytokine release syndrome and enable more durable responses.

For example, Cellectis reported that all seven patients taking part in the phase 1 trial of UCART19 suffered from at least grade 1 cytokine release syndrome, which caused complications that led to the death of one patient. Five of the seven patients achieved molecular remission, but one relapsed (and remained alive) and one died. To be fair, all patients taking part in the trial had advanced, heavily pretreated B-ALL.

Precision BioSciences has encountered similar obstacles in an ongoing phase 1/2 trial of PBCAR0191. The company's lead drug candidate was administered to nine patients with NHL or B-ALL. Three cases of cytokine release syndrome were reported, but all were manageable. Seven responded to treatment, including two that achieved a complete response, but three eventually relapsed.

CRISPR Therapeutics recently began dosing patients with CTX110 in a phase 1/2 trial that will eventually enroll up to 95 individuals, but initial results won't be available until 2020. Sangamo Therapeutics and Kite Pharma, a subsidiary of Gilead Sciences, are plowing ahead with zinc fingers,but are still in preclinical development.

Investors seem pleased with most of these gene editing stocksright now. After all, despite the obstacles, current-generation cellular medicines are delivering impressive results in patient populations with relatively few options. But upcoming data readouts could easily differentiate the pack. That could increase the need to invest in augmented capabilities, such as smart immunotherapies.

There's plenty of untapped potential in cellular medicine. Today, companies are developing drug candidates with engineered CARs and TCRs designed to test hypotheses about the function of immunotherapies. As approaches find success, measured in safer and more durable responses, the next layer of complexity will be added in an effort to find even more successful therapies. And the cycle will continue.

Therefore, it seems inevitable that the field of cellular medicine will turn to smart immunotherapies with more complex genetic edits, much like the field quickly embraced the need for engineered immune cells and off-the-shelf manufacturing processes. That said, the immediate focus for Cellectis and its peers is building a stable foundation -- and those efforts have only just begun.

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Did Cellectis Just Provide a Glimpse of the Future of Cellular Medicine? - The Motley Fool

Biological Imaging Reagents Market is Expected to Create New Opportunities By 2027 – Market Research Sheets

Transparency Market Research has published a new report on the biological imaging reagents market for the forecast period of20192027. According to the report, the globalbiological imaging reagents marketwas valued at ~US$ 13.5 Bnin2018and is projected to expand at a CAGR of8.5%from2019to2027.

Global Biological Imaging Reagents Market:Overview

Biological imaging reagents are substances used in research and diagnosis purposes in imaging modalities, to enhance THE visualization of internal organs and in vivo live cell imaging. These reagents are used in different imaging modalities such as X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound for THE diagnosis of different diseases, as well as in drug discovery.

Growth of the global biological imaging reagents market can be attributed to the rise in the demand for diagnostic imaging procedures across the globe. Asia Pacific is a highly lucrative market for biological imaging reagents, due to the improving healthcare infrastructure and increase in the geriatric population. North America dominated the global biological imaging reagents market in2018,and the trend is projected to continue during the forecast period, due to the higher prevalence of diseases and high number of imaging procedures.

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High Prevalence and Increase in Incidence Rate of Chronic Diseases to Drive Market

The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased in the past few years across the globe. These diseases include cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.

These diseases need diagnostic imaging tests. Life science reagents such as biological imaging reagents are an integral part of a large number of diagnostic imaging tests. Hence, the high prevalence of these chronic diseases and increasing research activities to discover treatments for these diseases are propelling the global biological imaging reagents market. According to WHO, cardiovascular diseases account for around17.9 milliondeaths globally every year, which constitutes an estimated31%of all deaths.

Rise in the number of diagnostic imaging procedures and increase in research activities for new drug development are the other factors driving the global market. Moreover, the launch of new imaging reagents and approval of products for specific indications in the past few years contributed to the growth of the global biological imaging reagents market.

Nuclear Reagents to be Lucrative Option

Based on class, the global biological imaging reagents market has been classified into contrast reagents, optical reagents, and nuclear reagents. The optical reagents segment dominated the global biological imaging reagents market in2018. However, the contrast reagents segment is anticipated to dominate the global market from2019to2027.

Nuclear reagents are expected to be a highly lucrative segment during the forecast period, owing to the better visualization effects of imaging achieved by these reagents and rise in the demand for radiopharmaceutical agents in imaging modalities

Optical Imaging Dominated Global Market

In terms of modality, the global biological imaging reagents market has been categorized into MRI, ultrasound, X-ray & CT, nuclear, optical imaging, and others. The nuclear segment has been bifurcated into PET and SPECT. The optical imaging segment dominated the global biological imaging reagents market in2018, owing to advanced technologies in optical imaging and large number of research activities on this method.

In-vivo to be Promising Application

Based on application, the global biological imaging reagents market has been bifurcated into in vitro and in vivo.The in vitro segment has been classified into proteomics, genomics, and cell biology. In vivo is likely to be a highly promising segment in the next few years, owing to an increase in vivo research activities by CROs for drug discovery, and growth of the biopharmaceutical industry.

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Life Science Companies to be Lucrative End Users

In terms of end user, the global biological imaging reagents market has been divided into diagnostic laboratories, imaging centers, life sciences companies, academic & research institutes, and others. Life science companies are projected to be a highly lucrative segment during the forecast period. The segment is anticipated to expand at a high CAGR from2019to2027. Increase in the research on new drugs & molecules and large number of collaborations between pharmaceutical companies and CROs are the major factors fueling the growth of the life science companies segment.

Competitive Landscape

Bayer AG, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., PerkinElmer, Inc., and Guerbet are the leading players in the global biological imaging reagents market.

The global biological imaging reagents market is fragmented in terms of number of players. Key players in the global market includeBayer AG, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., PerkinElmer, Inc., Guerbet, Lantheus Holdings, Inc., Bracco S.p.A., GE Healthcare, Becton, Dickinson and Company, Siemens Healthineers, and Luminex Corporation.

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Biological Imaging Reagents Market is Expected to Create New Opportunities By 2027 - Market Research Sheets

Incubator Market Growth, Analysis and Advancement Outlook – Testifyandrecap

Global Incubator Market is created to provide the market landscape and unlimited guidelines about contemporary market size, share, driving factors, trends, progressive growth, and dominant players of the Incubator Market. The report serves overall information on the market to top manufacturers, distributors, traders, dealers. It will help them understand the product scope, market overview, market driving force, technological advancement, market risk, opportunities, and research findings.

The Incubator market was valued at 950 Million US$ in 2018 and is projected to reach 1350 Million US$ by 2025, at a CAGR of 5.1% during the forecast period. In this study, 2018 has been considered as the base year and 2019 to 2025 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Incubator.

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http://www.qymarketresearchstore.com/reports/57443/inquiry/?Mode=86

Key Companies Analyzed in this Report is:

Thermo Fisher Scientific, BINDER GmbH, VWR International, Sheldon Manufacturing, Panasonic, Andreas Hettich GmbH, Memmert, Weiss Technik, Heal Force Bio-meditech Holdings Limited, NuAire, JEIO TECH, Manish Scientific Instruments Company, Genlab Limited, Gemmy Industrial Corp, Shanghai Yiheng, LTE Scientific Ltd.

The leading players of Incubator industry, their market share, product portfolio, company profiles are covered in this report. The competitive market scenario among Incubator players will help the industry aspirants in planning their strategies.

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoCarbon Dioxide IncubatorBiochemical IncubatorElectrothermal Incubator DirectlyConstant Temperature and Humidity Incubator

Market segment by Application, split intoCarbon Dioxide IncubatorBiochemical IncubatorElectrothermal Incubator DirectlyHumidity Incubator

Product Description:

In biology, an incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside. Incubators are essential for a lot of experimental work in cell biology, microbiology and molecular biology and are used to culture both bacterial as well as eukaryotic cells.

Incubator product demand market there is also a certain space, but basically showing the scarcity of high-end products, there is a large market demand for high-end products to seize market share of imports acts.

Despite the presence of competition problems, due to the global recovery trend is clear, investors are still optimistic about this area; the future will still have more new investment enter the field.

Overview:

The growth factors of the Incubator Market are deeply discussed while the different end users of the market are underlined with the help of tables and graphs.

Further in the Incubator Market research reports, following points are included along with in-depth study of each point:-

Production Analysis Production of the Incubator is analyzed with respect to different regions, types and applications. Here, price analysis of various Incubator Market key players is also covered.

Sales and Revenue Analysis Both, sales and revenue are studied for the different regions of the Incubator Market. Also, there is a major aspect such as value, which plays an important role in the revenue generation. It is also assessed in this section for the various regions.

Supply and Consumption In continuation with sales, this section also studies the supply and consumption for the Incubator Market. This part also sheds light on the gap between supple and consumption.

Competitors In this section, various Incubator Market leading players are studied with respect to their company profile, product portfolio, capacity, price, cost and revenue.

More analysis Apart from the aforementioned information, trade and distribution analysis for the Incubator Market, contact information of major manufacturers, suppliers and key consumers is also given. Also, SWOT analysis for new projects and feasibility analysis for new investment are included.

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Major Points Covered in Table of Contents:

1 Global Incubator Market Overview

2 Global Incubator Market Competitions by Manufacturers

3 Global Incubator Capacities, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region

4 Global Incubator Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region

5 Global Incubator Productions, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type

6 Global Incubator Market Analyses by Application

7 Global Incubator Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis

8 Incubator Manufacturing Cost Analysis

9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers

10 Marketing Strategy Analyses, Distributors/Traders

11 Market Effect Factors Analysis

12 Global Incubator Market Forecast

13 Research Findings and Conclusion

14 Appendixes

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Incubator Market Growth, Analysis and Advancement Outlook - Testifyandrecap

Chester Allan Alper, MD is recognized by Continental Who’s Who – PRNewswire

BROOKLINE, Mass., Dec. 24, 2019 /PRNewswire/ --Chester Allan Alper, MD is recognized by Continental Who's Who in the field of Medicine as a Top Doctor for the successes he has accrued as a Pediatrician, Genomist, & Immunologist at Boston Children's Hospital.

Recognized as one of the most ubiquitous medical facilities in the United States, Boston Children's Hospital prides itself on its exceptional customer service and hands on approach in assuring the health and wellness of their patients. With communication, respect, excellence, accountability, teamwork and innovation at the forefront of the company's values, Boston Children's Hospital is a well-regarded medical practice whose mission is to be the "leading source of research and discovery." Devoted to implementing quality and efficient patient safety in everything they do for over 140 years, the medical institution hopes to advance pediatric care worldwide.

Leading an impressive career for more than fifty-six years, Dr. Alper is venerated by his patients and peers for his outstanding contributions to the medical profession. With participation in groundbreaking medical research in genomics and immunology, he has conducted research in establishing population markers for Type One Diabetes in children. He attributes his success to working with good people, and a matter of chance. When asked his advice to novices in the industry, he states, "Persevere and maintain curiosity, critical thinking and open-mindedness."

Well versed in the areas of Genomics and Immunology Research, Dr. Alper has studied the genetics of complex (polygenic) disease in humans. He and his colleagues have investigated expansively the relationship between genetic differences in the human MHC with differences in the immune function of a variety of "white blood cells," or leukocytes.

An academic scholar, Dr. Alper attained his Medical Degree from Harvard Medical School. Thereafter, he went on to complete both his internship and residency at Boston City Hospital. Curiosity has driven him ever since. Upon entering his fellowship in Hematology, Dr. Alper moved into pediatrics, immunology and, finally, genetics. This led to discoveries in the field of the serum proteins. Once it was clear that several of these were encoded within the major histocompatibility complex, his interest and focus shifted to the genetics of human autoimmune diseases, including type 1 or childhood diabetes.

A pillar in the medical community, Dr. Alper has co-authored numerous peer-reviewed reports such as " A New Pedigree-Based SNP Haplotype Method for Genomic Polymorphism and Genetic Studies" and "A stochastic epigenetic Mendelian oligogenic disease model for type 1 diabetes".

In his spare time, Dr. Alper plays the recorder, and does Chinese calligraphy and cartooning.

Dr. Alper dedicates this recognition to his current colleague Instructor Charles Larsen.

For more information, please visit http://www.childrenshospital.org

Contact: Katherine Green, 516-825-5634 pr@continentalwhoswho.com

SOURCE Continental Who's Who

http://www.continentalwhoswho.com

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Chester Allan Alper, MD is recognized by Continental Who's Who - PRNewswire

Research at National Institute of Immunology: Apply by January 31 – Mathrubhumi English

National Institute of Immunology, an Autonomous Research Institute, Aruna Asaf AliMarg, New Delhi-110067, has invited applications for admission to Ph.D. Programme for the Academic Year 2020-21.

Research at NII encompasses board interdisciplinary areas of Immunology, Infectious and Chronic Disease Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemical, Structural and Computational Biology.

Eligibility: Applicants should hold an M.Sc. in any branch of Science, M.Tech., MBBS., M.V.Sc., M.Pharm. or equivalent qualifications as per norms of the Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi.

Applicant should have at least 60% aggregate score or equivalent grade in Senior Secondary Certificate (10+2) and Bachelor's degree, and 55% aggregate score or equivalent grade in Master's degree in case of General category. Five percent relaxation in aggregate scores in Senior Secondary, Bachelor's and Master's degrees will be applicable for the candidates from reserved categories [OBC (NCL), SC/ST and PwD].

Those who have completed or are likely to complete the required courses in the current academic year can also apply.

Selection to the Ph.D. programme will be through two channels: One will be the Computer based Entrance Examination, NII-2020, to be conducted by NII at multiple centres all over India on 23rd February 2020 (Sunday) and the other will be through the Joint Graduate Entrance Examination in Biology and Interdisciplinary Life Sciences (JGEEBILS-2020).

An applicant must qualify at least one of these two examinations. They will be short-listed for an interview based on either NII Entrance examination or JGEEBILS 2020 marks.

Selected candidates will be enrolled in the Ph.D programme affiliated with Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

The online application will be available from December 20, 2019 onwards. The last date for submission of applications is January 31, 2020. Candidates applying through JGEEBILS-2020 must also submit an application through NIl application portal, along with application fees and the JGEEBILS-2020 admit card.

Detailed information, including online application procedure and other information are available at http://www.nii.res.in. Women candidates are encouraged to apply

For more details, visit http://www.nii.res.in

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Research at National Institute of Immunology: Apply by January 31 - Mathrubhumi English

The neuroscience of the Christmas cheer ’emotion’ – The Conversation UK

It is, for many of us, the most wonderful time of the year. Christmas cheer is that thing which is often referred to by those who believe December really is the season to be jolly. Its that feeling of joy, warmth and nostalgia people feel when the jingle bells start jingling. But what is the science behind it?

Evidence of Christmas cheer inside the brain was found during a study run at the University of Denmark in 2015. Twenty people were shown images with either a Christmas or non-Christmas theme while having their brain monitored in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) machine. The fMRI machine highlights parts of the brain when there is an increase or decrease in activity in that region. And when there was an increase of activity for this study, that region lit up like well, a Christmas tree.

When the participants saw photographs of Christmas themed images, such as mince pies, a network of brain regions lit up, leading the researchers to conclude that they had found the hub of Christmas cheer inside the human brain. What the activation in brain regions actually meant, the researchers couldnt say. One theory was that that network in the brain could be related to memories or spirituality. The scientific understanding of our internal experiences is changing and it now seems likely that Christmas cheer may be an emotion in itself.

Many scientists used to think that emotions were pre-programmed reactions, hardwired into human brains. According to the traditional view, when you see Christmas TV adverts, some dedicated part of you (a kind of happiness circuit) leaps into action to bring you Christmas cheer.

The happiness circuit was thought to be a single part of the brain responsible for making you feel that warmth in your chest, making your heart beat quickly with joy and forming an expression of happiness on your face an expression thought to be universal across peoples and cultures.

According to the traditional view, humans have a small set of core emotions, like fear and happiness. Each of these emotions has its own dedicated brain region which creates changes in physiology and behaviour changes which are similar (if not the same) across different instances of the same emotion. For example, it was thought that the happiness you feel when you see a puppy would activate the same neural and physiological systems as the happiness you feel when you spend time with your friends. And so, when activated, the happiness circuit should light up in the fMRI machine. The traditional view feels intuitive. But, in the 100 years science has been studying emotion, scientists have never been able to find a specific happiness circuit or a circuit relating to any emotion.

When it comes to Christmas cheer, this is likely the reason why there was no specific neural path found in the fMRI data. Rather, the general network of neural activation associated with Christmas cheer points to a more nuanced understanding of emotions.

The contemporary view says that emotions are the brain summing up three sources of information to create an on-demand experience. The brain combines information about your physiological state, environment and personal experiences to form a subjective feeling inside you. According to the contemporary view, when you see Christmas TV adverts, you feel positive because you associate good things with Christmas, your heart beats quicker because some part of you recognises the excitement the advert evoked in you as a child and you express the feeling physically, usually through facial expressions.

Read more: You may not believe in Christmas but once a year, we all get a touch of its magic

All of these things culminate as a feeling. A feeling which we label and categorise as an emotion. Throughout our lives we learn to label categories of emotions. This labelling is why we use the same word to describe the terror felt heading on to a rollercoaster and the terror associated with being in a car accident, despite the fact that these experiences feel completely different.

But because the brain constructs an emotion on-demand using a wide range of brain regions, there is no neural signature or physiological blueprint with which to record or measure the experience. Many different parts of the brain work together to create an emotion depending on whats going on around and inside you. This is why every experience of an emotion even the same emotion will look different in an fMRI scanner. When it comes to emotions, brain activation isnt predictable because each emotion is formed from different, unpredictable information and contexts.

At Christmas time, each person has associations with songs, foods and activities that help them use the label Christmas cheer to categorise the experience. These associations are totally unique to each person. This is why your festive family traditions dont always seem to translate when you introduce them to your friends or your significant other.

But Christmas cheer can be shared with others through rituals (such as decorating the tree) and language (through things like carol singing) to cement those emotion categories. Every time we encounter items or ideas that we relate to over Christmas because of our past, our brains create the emotion of Christmas cheer.

But, of course, some people are like Ebeneezer Scrooge and just want to get through the holidays. A lack of Christmas cheer has anecdotally been called bah humbug syndrome. In the same way as Christmas cheer, bah humbug can be seen as an emotion. Perhaps its the dread of family politics or the tight, pounding chest people feel thinking about the cost of Christmas. But the brain combines these sources of information to create an emotion. So if youve had more negative experiences associated with Christmas, you are more likely to feel bah humbug than cheer.

Regardless of whether you tend to feel more of the Christmas cheer or the bah humbug emotion, there is a slither of magic in these festive emotions. In every waking moment, your brain is constructing your emotional reality. You have the power to increase your Christmas cheer or banish your feelings of bah humbug. This phenomenon is known as prediction, and its really just a numbers game. Rather than reacting to the world, your brain is running an internal model built around patterns of your previous experiences. The more instances your brain has of a positive experience relating to Christmas, the easier it is for your brain to construct Christmas cheer on-demand in the future.

So if you want to get into the Christmas spirit, spend time doing festive activities which you enjoy, share your experiences with the people you love, and do whatever rituals make sense to you. If science can give you anything this year, let it give you the gift of Christmas cheer.

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The neuroscience of the Christmas cheer 'emotion' - The Conversation UK

Professor of cognitive neuroscience details what happens in the brain when we disagree and how you can win your next argument – AlterNet

Weve all been there. You are in the middle of a heated disagreement when you lose respect for the opposing party. Whether it is about the latest election or childcare, you feel like your considered arguments are not appreciated perhaps even ignored. But did you ever wonder what exactly is happening in the mind of the person on the other side?

In a recent study, just published in Nature Neuroscience, we and our colleagues recorded peoples brain activity during disagreements to find out.

In our experiment, we asked 21 pairs of volunteers to make financial decisions. In particular, they each had to assess the value of real estates and bet money on their assessments. The more confident they were in their assessment, the more money they wagered.

Each volunteer lay in a brain imaging scanner while performing the task so we could record their brain activity. The two scanners were separated by a glass wall, and the volunteers were able to see the assessments and bets of the other person on their screen.

When volunteers agreed on the price of the real estate, each of them became more confident in their assessment, and they bet more money on it. That makes sense if I agree with you then you feel more sure that you must be right. Each persons brain activity also reflected the encoding of the confidence of their partner. In particular, activity of a brain region called the posterior medial frontal cortex, which we know is involved in cognitive dissonance, tracked the confidence of the partner. We found that the more confident one volunteer was, the more confident the partner became, and vice versa.

However and this is the interesting part when people disagreed, their brains became less sensitive to the strength of others opinions. After disagreement, the posterior medial frontal cortex could no longer track the partners confidence. Consequently, the opinion of the disagreeing partner had little impact on peoples conviction that they were correct, regardless of whether the disagreeing partner was very sure in their assessment or not at all.

It was not the case that the volunteers were not paying attention to their partner when they disagreed with them. We know this because we tested our volunteers memory of their partners assessments and bets. Rather, it seems that contradictory opinions were more likely to be considered categorically wrong and therefore the strength of those opinions was unimportant.

We suspect that when disagreements are about heated topics such as politics, people will be even less likely to take note of the strength of contradictory opinions.

Our findings may shed light on some puzzling recent trends in society. For instance, over the last decade, climate scientists have expressed greater confidence that climate change is man-made. Yet, a survey by the Pew research centre shows that the percentage of Republicans who believe this notion to be true has dropped over the same period of time. While there are complex, multi-layered reasons for this specific trend, it may also be related to a bias in how the strength of other peoples opinions are encoded in our brain.

The findings can also be extrapolated to political current events. Take the recent impeachment hearings against US president Donald Trump. Our study suggests that whether a witness appears calm, confident and in command of the facts (as government official Bill Taylor was described when testifying during the hearings) or unsteady and uncertain (as the FBI chief Robert Muller was described when testifying about his special counsel investigation back in July) will matter little to those who already oppose impeachment when testimonies are unsupportive of the president. But they will affect the conviction of those who are in favour of impeachment.

So how can we increase our chances of being heard by members of an opposing group? Our study lends new support to a tried and tested recipe (as Queen Elizabeth II recently put it while addressing a country divided over Brexit) finding the common ground.

The strength of a carefully reasoned opinion is less likely to be registered when launching into a disagreement with a sturdy pile of evidence describing why we are right and the other side is wrong. But if we start from common ground that is the parts of the problem we agree on we will avoid being categorised as a disputer from the very beginning, making it more likely that the strength of our arguments will matter.

Take for example the attempt to alter the conviction of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children because they falsely believe vaccines are linked to autism. It has been shown that presenting strong evidence refuting the link does little to change their minds. Instead, focusing solely on the fact that vaccines protect children from potentially deadly disease a statement that the parents can more easily agree with can increase their intention to vaccinate their children by threefold.

So in the midst of that heated disagreement, try and remember that the key to change is often finding a shared belief or motive.

Andreas Kappes, Lecturer, City, University of London and Tali Sharot, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, UCL.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Professor of cognitive neuroscience details what happens in the brain when we disagree and how you can win your next argument - AlterNet

10 Books to Make 2020 Your Most Amazing Year Yet – Thrive Global

This year on Untangle we covered everything from happiness to biohacking to the neuroscience of love with experts on mindfulness, brain health, relationships, performance, and so much more. We culled some of our favorite books from those interviews to help you kickstart your 2020 mindfulness practice and have the best year yet. Here they are:

Hardwiring Happiness: The New Brain Science of Contentment, Calm and Confidence by Dr. Rick Hanson Rick shares how we can hardwire our brains for happiness using practices that help us cultivate and experience the good in our lives while reducing our natural negativity bias.

Untangle Podcast: Top Five Ways to Be Happier in 2019

From Suffering to Peace: The True Promise of Mindfulness by Mark Coleman Mark gets to the heart of what mindfulness really is and introduces practices that you can use in your everyday life to bring you more peace.

Untangle Podcast: Quiet the Ruminations, Story Spinning, and Judgments for Good

Undo It:How Simple Lifestyle Changes Can Reverse Most Chronic Diseases by Dr. Dean Ornish Lifestyle medicine pioneer Dr. Dean Ornish shares what it takes to be the best version of yourself, including how you can reverse heart disease by optimizing fourimportant areas of your life: stress less, love more, eat well, and exercise.

Untangle Podcast: How to Be the Best Version of Yourself

Upward Spiral: Using Neuroscience to Reverse the Course of Depression by Dr. Alex Korb Alex explains how to take control of your wellbeing with the power of neuroscience. He discusses the neural nature of happiness and provides practical tips to increase your happiness levels.

Untangle Podcast: Wired for Joy: The Neuroscience of Happiness

The Five Invitations: Discovering What Death Can Teach Us About Living Fully by Frank Ostaseski A leading voice in the end-of-life care movement, Frank shares comforting and inspiring truths on how we live and die, and on what matters most. When we get to the end of our lives, the two questions most often asked are: Did I love well? and Am I loved? His teachings show us that we can live with joy and sorrow, and live a rich life filled with love.

Untangle Podcast: Discovering What Death Can Teach Us About Love and Living Fully

The Alter Ego Effect: The Power of Secret Identities to Transform Your Life by Todd Herman This elite performance coach discusses how top performers create alter egos that allow them to unlock characteristics of success that they otherwise might not be able to access. He shows us how we can use these techniques to increase our own productivity and success.

Untangle Podcast: How Identity Traps Us and How Alter Egos Can Help You Excel

Into the Magic Shop: A Neurosurgeons Quest to Discover the Mysteries of the Brain and the Secrets of the Heart by James Doty An accomplished neurosurgeon and entrepreneur tells the story of how a magic shopkeeper transformed his life by teaching him the magic of meditation! He attributes much of his success to this early event in his life.

Untangle Podcast: A Neuroscientist Walks into a Magic Shop

Unstoppable: A 90-Day Plan to Biohack Your Mind and Body for Success by Ben Angel Ben shares how his early depression and lack of energy led him to find solutions he never imagined would make him feel better, making it his mission to explore alternatives beyond medicine and self-help. The book shows us how to get fired up and focused with tools that may have the power to change our lives forever.

Untangle Podcast: Find Your Way to Peak Productivity

Why We Love: The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love by Dr. Helen Fisher Anthropologist Helen Fisher shares whats actually happening in our brains when we fall in love. She and a team of scientists scan the brains of people in love to see where different areas of the brain get a boost of blood flow, building the case that romantic passion is hardwired into our brains.

Untangle Podcast: Wired for Love: The Neuroscience of Sex, Lust, Affection and Lasting Love

Stress Less, Accomplish More: Meditation for Extraordinary Performance by Emily Fletcher This book covers three main topics: mindfulness,meditation, and manifesting. Emily shares why this system helps optimize performance at work and at home. She includes practical, easy practices to support each main topic and builds a case for how her system improves your health and sleep as well.

Untangle Podcast: Stress Less, Accomplish More for Extraordinary Performance

About Untangle

Untangle is the podcast from 5-star app Meditation Studio and Muse, the brain sensing headband that gives you biofeedback on your meditation practice. Hosts Patricia Karpas and Ariel Garten interview thought leaders, authors and experts in areas related to mindfulness, neuroscience, brain practices, happiness, relationships, resilience and much more. https://meditationstudioapp.com/podcasts

About Patricia Karpas

Patricia Karpas is the co-founder of Meditation Studio, head of content for Muse, the brain sensing headband and co-host of the Untangle Podcast, where she has interviewed over 200 experts, thought leaders and authors on how mindfulness, contemplative and brain-focused practices change us.

Follow ushereand subscribeherefor all the latest news on how you can keep Thriving.

Stay up to date or catch-up on all our podcasts with Arianna Huffingtonhere.

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10 Books to Make 2020 Your Most Amazing Year Yet - Thrive Global