Editors note. Written by Paul Stark, this appeared on the blog of Minnesota Citizens for Life (MCCL), National Right to Lifes state affiliate. While this ran a while back, it rebuts an error that refuses to go away: the insistence that there is a debate about when human life begins.

At the Idaho Statesman Journals science blog, Susie Bodman (at the time an editor at the paper) responds to the pro-life contention that life begins at conception:

As a biology student, Im sorry, but the stipulation that life begins at conception is laughable to me. However, its not for reasons you might assume that Im a godless scientist-in-the-making, a stereotypically liberal journalist, a pro-choice protagonist, a fire-breathing feminist or whatever else you might conjure up.

It comes from how biologists define life and distinguish it from inanimate things, such as rocks. Living organisms are characterized by having the capacity for growth, reproduction, functional activity and continual change.

A single cell is a form of life, and guess what eggs and sperms are. Yep, thats right. They are CELLS.

If eggs and sperm are already alive, well, then to a biologist life exists BEFORE conception.

Also, if those egg and sperm cells are made by you, and you were at one time conceived from egg and sperm cells arising from a couple who were conceived from egg and sperm cells and so on, so long as youre not at the end of an extinct lineage, life really is CONTINUOUS until you get back to the very first cell that formed on Earth.

Therefore, life doesnt just begin at conception. Its more like life BEGAN with the first cell 3.8 billion years ago.

Bodman really, laughably, misses the point. When we say life begins at conception, we mean (obviously, I thought) that the life of an individual human being begins at conception.

Biological life in general is continuous, as she notes; even the sperm and egg are living.

But the sperm and egg are mere parts of larger organisms, not human beings themselves. When they unite a new single-celled organism (the zygote) is formed a member of our species at the earliest stage of development who (given an adequate environment and nutrition) will actively develop himself or herself toward maturity.

The textbook Human Embryology & Teratology explains: Although life [defined broadly] is a continuous process, fertilization is a critical landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new, genetically distinct human organism is thereby formed.

In short, Bodman apparently has yet to learn how biologists distinguish organisms (e.g., you, me, an embryo) from biological entities that are not organisms (e.g., sperm, egg, or a strand of my hair).

That a distinct, living and whole (though immature) human organism comes into existence at conception is a matter of biological fact. Embryology textbooks and leading experts overwhelmingly confirm this:

The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology: Human development begins at fertilization when a male gamete or sperm (spermatozoon) unites with a female gamete or oocyte (ovum) to form a single cella zygote. This highly specialized, totipotent cell marked the beginning of each of us as a unique individual.

Langmans Embryology: The development of a human begins with fertilization, a process by which the spermatozoon from the male and the oocyte from the female unite to give rise to a new organism, the zygote.

Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects: Human development begins when an oocyte (ovum) from a female is fertilized by a sperm (spermatozoon) from a male. This cell [the zygote], formed by the union of an oocyte and a sperm, is the beginning of a new human being.

Dr. Jerome Lejeune, discoverer of Down syndrome chromosome: To accept the fact that after fertilization has taken place a new human has come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion. The human nature of the human being from conception to old age is not a metaphysical contention; it is plain experimental evidence.

Dr. Micheline Matthews-Roth, Harvard University Medical School: It is scientifically correct to say that an individual human life begins at conception, when egg and sperm join to form the zygote, and this developing human always is a member of our species in all stages of its life.

Read more here:
Sorry pro-abortionists there is no debate about when life begins - National Right to Life News

The Norrie Russell Roslin Institute has revealed they have created a group of genetically modified hens that can lay eggs from different poultry breeds and are helping scientists set up a "frozen aviary" to conserve rare and exotic birds.

06:00 Saturday 18 February 2017

The uses to which genetic modification can be put seem almost limitless. Today we report on Scottish scientists who are using genetically modified hens that can lay eggs from different poultry breeds to create a frozen aviary to conserve rare and exotic birds.

The team from the University of Edinburghs Roslin Institute say it acts like a seed bank for poultry, and will be used to preserve rare chicken breeds that may be resistant to infections such as bird flu or have desirable traits such as high meat quality.

But this type of science in all fields is not without controversy. Recently the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority gave the go-ahead for clinics to apply to create three parent babies. The approved technique allows doctors to replace an eggs defective mitochondrial DNA with healthy DNA from a female donor to prevent children suffering debilitating conditions such as muscular dystrophy. It was described as opening the way for designer babies.

And the Scottish Government is opposed to the cultivation of GM crops in this country saying they could damage Scotlands rich environment and would threaten our reputation for producing high quality and natural foods.

It is clear that genetic modification holds out the promise of massive advantages in many fields. It is also clear that there are deep-seated concerns about some possible unforeseen side-effects. But it seems that the opportunities might be sliding by while the debate and the opening up of information simply is not happening. The potentials around this new science are so vast that the debate really does need to be front and centre.

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See the article here:
Leader comment: Clarity needed on gene science - The Scotsman